Pectin is a water-soluble polymer of partially methoxylated galacturonic acid units. It is commercially obtained from the dilute acid extraction of the inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits (citrus pectin) o r from apple pomace (apple pectin). This acid treatment persumably results in partial degradation of the more complex and the water-insoluble protopectin present in the cell walls of plants. The distribution, chemical structure and properties of pectin and the other pectic substances have been reviewed (B t z a n g e r-B e a u q u e s n e , 1961; H i r s t and J o n e s , 1946; N e u k o m , 1967). Pectin has emulsifying, jelly-forming and polyelectrolytic properties which are stable in acid media. Besides, it is able to bind large amounts of water in semisolid preparations. Because of such properties, pectin finds many applications in various fields, among which are cosmetics, pharmaceutical formulations and therapeutics. T h e literature concerned with these applications is extensive, including several reviews
Summary
Fifteen components of volatile oils were tested for their activity against Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The fungistatic activity was evaluated by the agar‐diffusion and broth‐dilution techniques. Comparison of the results showed that the latter technique was more reliable and could evaluate the fungicidal activity as well. Among the tested compounds, cinnamaldehyde possessed the highest fungistatic and fungicidal activities towards both dermatophytes. This was followed in descending order of activity by citral, geraniol and carvone. Eucalyptol was the least active, while geranyl acetate was devoid of any activity. The remaining compounds showed moderate activities, though M. audouinii was more sensitive than T. mentagrophytes.
Zusammenfassung
Fünfzehn Bestandteile flüchtiger Öie wurden auf ihre Wirksamkeit gegen Microsporum audouinii und Trichophyton mentagrophytes untersucht. Die fungistatische Wirksamkeit wurde mit Hilfe der Agardiffusion sowie durch Bouillon‐Verdünnungs‐reihen ermittelt. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse zeigt, daß die zuletzt genannte Ermittlungsart zuverlässiger ist als die Agardiffusionsmethode. Zudem hat die Bouillon‐Verdiinnungsreihe den Vorteil, daß sie audi zur Ermittlung der fungiziden Wirkung verwendet werden kann. Von den geprüften Verbindungen zeigte Cinnamaldehyd die hochste fungistische und fungizide Wirksamkeit gegen Dermatophyten.
Die antimykotische Aktivität nahm in seiner Wirkung wie folgt ab: Cinnamaldehyd, Citral, Geraniol und Carvon. Eukalyptol hatte die geringste Wirksamkeit, während für Geranylacetat überhaupt keine Wirkung festgestellt wurde. Bei den restlichen Verbindungen fanden sich noch geringere Aktivitäten. M. audouinii reagierte empfindlicher als T. mentagrophetes.
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