The objective of this work is to determine the maximum reduction of NOx emissions by varying the concentrations of urea solution with a reduction catalyst, and optimization of the urea injection by the evaporation of the solution, using the CFD-Fluent solver. An aqueous solution of urea was injected in the engine exhaust pipe for reducing NOx emissions, in a single cylinder light duty, stationary, four stroke, air cooled DI diesel engine, fuelled with neat diesel and diesel-ethanol blends (10%). The concentration of the urea solution was varied from 30 to 35% by weight with constant flow rates, and tested with a Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coated catalyst, fitted on the engine exhaust pipe, which controls the by products of ammonia and water vapour. The results indicated that a maximum of 70% NOx reduction was achieved when the engine was fuelled with diesel-ethanol blends at a constant flow rate of 0.75 lit/hr with an urea concentration of 35%, and also that 66% reduction of NOx was achieved, using the Titanium dioxide catalyst in the Selective Catalytic Reduction system with neat diesel. From the simulation results,it was seen that only at 75% and 100% load,the evaporation point of the urea solution was higher than that of the boiling point (423 K), due to complete vaporisation of water.
An experimental investigation was conducted to analyse the performance and exhaust emissions of Kirloskar AV-I Compression ignited air cooled engine fuelled with diesel and cotton seed oil blends (80% of diesel and 20% of cotton seed biodiesel).Experiments were conducted at various concentration of urea solutions ranging from 30 to 35% at a constant flow rate of 0.75 litres per hour. The results indicated that urea injection with titanium dioxide as selective catalyst in the exhaust pipe caused a 47.9% of NOx reduction for diesel at full load condition and at a constant flow rate of 0.75lit/hr with an urea concentration of 35%.Also the results showed that urea injection with titanium dioxide as selective catalyst in the exhaust pipe caused a 68.5% NOx reduction for biodiesel which was achieved with a constant flow rate of 0.75lit/h with an urea concentration of 32.5%.Thus Biodiesel (C20) fuelled CI Engine with SCR is a very effective and suitable replacement for petroleum based diesel fuelled CI Engine with SCR. ANOVA analysis was done and resulted that the null hypothesis is rejected. A high p-value (0.104) had suggested that beta plays a less significant role in the model and a low p-value (0.012) suggests that beta plays a significant role in the model. Overall ANOVA analysis disclosed that percentage of urea solution has a major impact on NOX emissions than HC and CO emissions.
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