A shorter cycle of use and reuse of gold in electronics, in-volving fewer process steps and less energy consuming, can be achieved using hydrometallurgical processing with cyanide free, nontoxic and partly biodegradable bath solu-tions. This improves the overall environmental perform-ance of gold plated electronic assemblies. The inclusion of environmental assessment at an early stage of the development besides technical and economical optimization leads to process integrated environmental protection and is profitable for the industry as well as for the Environment
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