In this paper, we investigate the peristaltic transport of a two layered fluid model consisting of a Jeffrey fluid in the core region and a Newtonian fluid in the peripheral region. The channel is bounded by permeable heat conducting walls. The analysis is carried out in the wave reference frame under the assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number. The analytical expressions for stream function, temperature field, pressure-rise and the frictional force per wavelength in both the regions are obtained. The effects of the physical parameters associated with the flow and heat transfer are presented graphically and analyzed. It is noticed that the pressure rise decrease with increasing slip parameter β in the pumping region (ΔP > 0). The temperature field decreases with increasing Jeffrey number and the velocity slip parameter; whereas the temperature field increases with increasing thermal slip parameter. Furthermore, the size of the trapped bolus increases with increasing Jeffrey number and decreases with increasing slip parameter. We believe that this model can help in understanding the behavior of two immiscible physiological fluids in living objects.
In this paper, we investigate the peristaltic pumping of a Rabinowitsch fluid in an inclined channel under the effects of heat transfer and flexible compliant walls. The expressions for the velocity, the temperature and the coefficient of the heat transfer are obtained. The influence of emerging parameters on the velocity, the temperature, the coefficient of heat transfer and the trapping phenomenon of the Newtonian, dilatant and pseudoplastic fluid models are also analyzed graphically. We find that the velocity and the temperature fields decrease for shear thickening fluid; but the velocity and temperature fields of the shear thinning, and Newtonian fluids increase with an increase in the angle of inclination. Furthermore, there were more trapping boluses occurring for the Newtonian fluid case as compared to the pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids cases. However, as the angle of inclination increases, the size of trapping bolus decreases.
In the study, we inspect the impact of cross diffusion and aligned magnetic field on Casson fluid flow along a stretched surface of variable thickness. The differential equations explaining the flow situation have been transitioned with the succor of suited transfigurations. The solution of the problem is achieved by using bvp5c Matlab package. From the solution, it is perceived that the flow, temperature and concentration fields are affected by the sundry physical quantities. Results explored for the flow over a uniform and a non-uniform thickness surfaces. The influence of emerging parameters on the flow, energy and mass transport are discussed with graphical and tabular results. Results show that the thermal, flow and species boundary layers are uneven for the flow over a uniform and non-uniform thickness stretched surfaces.
IntroductionThe term peristalsis means clasping and compressing. The peristaltic action occurs in the form of successive waves of involuntary muscular contractions passing along the walls and forcing the contents onward. In physiological situations, the mechanism is found in esophagus, stomach, intestines, small blood vessels, fallopian tube, ureter and gut. The peristaltic mechanism has been attracting the attention of bioengineers because of its importance in living body system and in the design of biomedical instruments such as dialysis machines, open-heart bypass pump machines, artificial lungs and tissues. Several attempts have been made by considering physiological fluids as Newtonian. A few investigations pertaining to peristaltic flow of Newtonian fluids have been reported in [1][2][3][4][5]. Further, some interesting results has been put forward in rheological complex physiological fluids such as blood (Power-law model, Casson model and Herschel -Bulkley model), chyme (Williamson model), bread and white eggs through esophagus (Maxwell model)and urine infection (couple-stress model) to be non-Newtonian during pumping for details, see [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Among non-Newtonian fluids, hyperbolic tangent fluid model characterize the flow behaviour of shear thinning fluids. Nadeem and Akram [12] addressed the peristaltic pumping of a hyperbolic tangent fluid through an asymmetric channel. Nadeem and Maraj [13] studied mathematically the peristaltic motion of a hyperbolic tangent fluid in a curved channel with the help of Homotopic perturbation method. Ali Abbas et al. [14] reported the 3D peristaltic pumping of hyperbolic tangent fluid with flexible walls.Peristaltic flow with temperature and mass transfer effects has been exploited by many authors in order to conduct diverse investigations in biomedical and biomechanical sciences. The Biological heat transfer in a living system include thermal conduction in tissue, metabolic heat generation, burn injuries, fever, perfusion of blood flow and hyperthermia. The biological mass transfer process include glucose diffusion into the cell, absorption of proteins and peptides, liquid diffusion in tissues, drug delivery across absorption barriers. Saravanaet al. [15] analysed mathematically the peristaltic transport of a third grade fluid through an inclined asymmetric channel by taking temperature and concentration effects into account. A few investigations on peristalsis with temperature and concentration effects have been reported in [16][17][18].The influence of magnetic field may be useful to slow down the blood flow in human arterial system, controls the blood flow velocities in surgical procedures. The slip condition proposed by Navier [19] has importance in studying the flow at the fluid-wall interface and it may be more realistic model observed in gastrointestinal tract and in the flow of polymer solutions. Akram and Nadeem [20] addressed the slip effects on peristaltic motion of a hyperbolic tangent fluid model through an
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