To evaluate hypolipidemic and anti-oxidant activities of Monascus purpureus fermented Indian variety of rice.Materials and methods: Indian rice variety IR-532-E-576 was fermented with Monascus purpureus MTCC 1090 (Monascaceae) and extracted with water by boiling. Experimentally induced hyperlipidemia was produced by feeding rats with 2% cholesterol enriched diet for 15 days. Afterwards hypercholesterolemic rats were orally administered with Monascus fermented Indian rice extract at the dose of 1.2 and 2.4 mg/kg bw along with high cholesterol diet for 30 successive days in order to evaluate their expected hypolipidemic activity. Plasma lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (low density lipoprotein), VLDL (very low density lipoprotein), HDL (high density lipoprotein), atherogenic index, and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities were measured in the plasma and liver respectively. Results:The administration of Monascus fermented Indian rice extract retained lipid profiles and oxidative stress markers to about normal level and also produced a significant decrease in atherogenic index to about 98.07% and 99.53% for 1.2 and 2.4 mg/kg bw Monascus fermented Indian rice extract. It also showed better in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 250 ± 0.2 μg/ mL and 245 ± 0.12 μg/mL by DPPH (diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and metal chelating activity respectively. Conclusion:The consumption of Monascus fermented Indian rice may act as a potent anti-hypercholesterolemic nutrient and powerful antioxidant.

Chinese red yeast rice (RYR), a natural food obtained after fermenting rice with Monascus purpureus. RYR contains unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, B-complex vitamins and monacolins with antioxidant properties. Scientific evidences showed that fermented RYR proved to be effective for the management of cholesterol, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and also for the prevention of cancer. This review article describe about the usage of RYR in human being.

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Background Several genetic analyses have suggested that lipoprotein lipase (LpU genotypes causing decreased LpL activity correlate with increased triglyceride concentrations and risk for coronary artery disease. In contrast, in some other studies LpL activity was positively correlated with plasma low-density lipoprotein (LOU cholesterol concentrations. Objective To assess whether these different associations represent physiologic differences in lipoprotein metabolism. MethodsWe correlated postheparin lipase activities, postprandial lipemia, and fasting lipoprotein concentrations in obese (8MI~30 kg / m 2, n = 26) and non-obese (8MI :=; 30 kg/m 2 , n = 57) individuals. LpL was measured using specific inhibitory antibodies. Results Surprisingly, LpL activity was significantly correlated with triglyceride area under the curve after a fat load in the non-obese, but not the entire group. Moreover, in non-obese individuals, LpL activity correlated directly (r= 0.40) and hepatic lipase activity correlated inversely (r= -0.32) with high-density lipoprotein {HOU cholesterol concentrations. These relationships were not found in the obese group, in whom LpL correlated with LOL cholesterol concentrations (r= 0.54).Conclusions We conclude that postheparin LpL activity relates to different lipoproteins in obese and non-obese individuals. In obesity, greater LpL activity may enhance conversion of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to LOL cholesterol, whereas in non-obese individuals the correlation is with HOL cholesterol. Whether this is due to differences in the source of LpL {muscle or fad, or to other associated alterations in lipoprotein metabolism is unknown. These results may explain the non-uniformity of correlations between LpL and atherogenic lipoproteins in different populations. J Cardiovasc Risk 7: [41][42][43][44][45][46][47]

Abstract-A sensor net consists of tiny devices with severe energy constraints. Employing energy efficient, sensor-specific MAC protocols is of necessity for sensor nets, and such protocols have been proposed in the literature. Sensor MAC protocols introduces sleep in sensor nodes to conserve energy and the impact of sleep on protocol performance needs a detailed investigation. In this paper, we quantify the effect of sleep on protocol performance through queueing analysis and simulation. Results demonstrate quantitatively the tradeoff between energy consumption and average latency in sensor MAC protocols.

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