In this paper, bending analysis of simply supported composite beam is carried out by using refined beam theories. The theory accounts for the parabolic variation of shear strain through the depth of beam, hence avoid need of shear correction factor. The governing differential equations and boundary conditions are obtained by using the principle of virtual work. A simply supported composite beam subjected to central concentrated load is considered for detail numerical study. The results of displacements and stresses are obtained and found agree well with those obtain by other higher order and lower order theories.
Reinforced earth retaining is a type of retaining wall which can bear the lateral earth pressure which is made up of backfill, stressed geosynthetic and facing system. "Zornberg J.G, (2001) in their work emphasis that-Traditional soil reinforcing techniques involve the use of continuous geosynthetic inclusions such as geogrids and geotextiles". The acceptance of geosynthetics in reinforced soil construction has been triggered by a number of factors, including aesthetics, reliability, simple construction techniques, good seismic performance, and the ability to tolerate large deformations without structural distress. Examples include advances in reinforced soil design for conventional loading (e.g. validation of analysis tools), advances in design for unconventional loading (e.g., reinforced bridge abutments), and advances in reinforcement materials (e.g., polymeric fiber reinforcements)."R.D. Haltzs (2001) in their work emphasize -Geosynthetics as soil reinforcement used for embankments on soft foundations, steep slopes, and for the backfills of retaining walls and abutments". Emphasis is on the materials properties of the geosynthetics required for design and construction. Reinforced soil retaining walls (RSW) are widely used in geotechnical engineering practice throughout the world. Reinforced soil walls have been constructed using steel strip reinforcement geogrids, geosynthetics, and geocomposite. Geosynthstics manufactured from advanced polymer materials became popular as an alternative to steel strip reinforcement in reinforced soi1 walls.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.