The generation of permeability maps is based on the analysis and interpretation of geology, environmental morphology, land use, and slope, which enables the selection of sampling areas with similar characteristics. The method represents the integration of the physical characteristics of the study area and then determines the infiltration capacity differences in the most representative geopedologic units. In determining the basic data, minidisc infiltrometers were used to perform seventy-two infiltration tests in different types of soils with varying organic matter content, texture, soil structure, and vegetation cover, which showed the spatial variability that exists in two cantons of Loja province, Ecuador. In addition, it was observed that the infiltration rate depended mainly on the content of the organic matter in the soil and is consistent with information collected on permeability worldwide. In this study, generated pedotransfer function (FTP) coefficient of determination R2 0.78, the determination of the coefficient indicates a satisfactory estimate of the permeability with the variables that were analyzed; in addition, the methodology for assessing the permeability was suitable for the conditions of this investigation. For this reason, the method described here should be tested in other areas of the country with a greater number of field trials and with more variable contents of organic matter and soil textural classes.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue la obtención de zonas físicas óptimas para los cultivos de arroz (Oriza sativa L.), maíz (Zea mays L.) y caña de azúcar (Saccharum oficinarum L.). Se determinaron los requerimientos edáficos y climáticos de dichos cultivos. Se superpusieron mapas geopedológicos y climáticos de 14 cantones que conforman la cuenca baja del río Guayas, a través de un Sistema de información Geográfica (SIG), obteniéndose como resultado el mapa agroecológico, y que mediante la aplicación de un lenguaje estructurado de consulta, a los atributos del mapa, y teniendo de base los requerimientos edafo-climáticos de los cultivos, se obtuvieron las zonas con condiciones aptas para cada uno de los mismos: 50 682 ha (7,3 % del área de estudio) para el cultivo de arroz, 103 992 ha (15 %) para el cultivo de maíz y 24 188 ha (3,5 %) para el cultivo de caña de azúcar. Se concluyó que la zonificación es una herramienta que permite gestionar el territorio, mediante el correcto manejo de los recursos, combinando los requerimientos climáticos y edáficos de los cultivos con los estudios de suelos, definiendo zonas homogéneas que reúnen características óptimas que permitan aumentar la producción por unidad de superficie, en tierras con verdadera vocación agrícola.
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