Field experiments were conducted during 1993-95 at Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute. Karaikal for evolving alternate cropping systems for the Karaikal region of Union Territory of Pondicherry, which is situated at the tail end of Cauvery delta zone. Rice-cotton system was found to be the best system since it outyielded the conventional system (rice-blackgram)) and other cropping systems evaluated (rice-soybean, rice-vegetable cowpea and rice-sesame). The system rice-cotton recorded the maximum gross and net returns followed by rice-vegetable cowpea system. The rice-cotton system may be adopted in areas where water is available for atleast ten irrigations during summer and in areas where water is available for only five irrigations rice-vegetable cowpea system may be economical. Among the four levels of N (0.75. 112.5 or 150 Kg ha) applied to rice, application of 150 Kg N ha increased not only the yield of rice but also the production potential of the system in all the cropping systems studied.
Field experiments were conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu during 1995-96 and 1996-97, to integrate tillage and herbicides to control weeds with special reference to Cyperus rotundus in sugarcane. The results revealed that the preplant application of glyphosate @ 2 kg ha'' (with 2% ammonium sulphate)plus three disc harrowings followed by pre-emergence application of atrazine 1 kg or alachlor 1.5 kg ha+hand weeding at 60 DAP recorded 92% weed control efficiency and increased the cane population (50%), cane yield (91%) and sugar yield (86.6%) over farmers method of three disc harrowings and hand weeding twice at 30 and 60 DAP.
Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute. Madurai. to study the effect of time of sowing along with weed management practices in semidry rice. The treatments included sowing practices such as pre monsoon sowing (one week ahead), pre monsoon sowing (two weeks ahead), sowing immediately after onset of monsoon, in mainplots and herbicide such as pendimethalin, pretilachlor, pretilachlor + safener, in sub plots. No significant difference was noticed among various sowing practices in the main plot. Among the herbicides. pendimethalin recorded the highest grain yield and was on par with pretilachlor + safener at 8 DAR.
A field investigation was carried out at east farm of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal during winter (Navarai), 2017. Two rice varieties viz., V 1-ADT 46 and V 2-KMP 175 were evaluated under two irrigation methods viz., I 1-Surface irrigation as flooding and I 2-Drip irrigation at 1.2 CPE each with six foliar spray treatments on 55 and 75 DAS viz., F 1-Water spray, F 2-Silica @ 500 ppm, F 3-KCl @ 10000 ppm, F 4-Boric acid @ 0.4 ppm, F 5-Triacontanol @ 2 ppm, F 6-Brassinosteroids @ 1 ppm along with F 0-control. The aerobic rice experiment was laid in Split split plot design. The variety KMP 175 had significantly out-yielded ADT 46 and produced the highest grain and straw yields. Similarly, Brassinosteroids and KCl treated plots had recorded statistically at par and higher grain and straw yields. On the other hand, the surface irrigation and drip irrigation had produced statistically similar grain yield. The harvest index of aerobic rice was averaged at 0.23 which was considerably low when compared to the other irrigated rice growing environments. The total water use by aerobic rice under drip irrigation method was almost 35 per cent lesser than surface irrigation but its use efficiency was almost 21 per cent higher than surface irrigation. Similarly, the variety KMP 175 under both irrigation methods registered 70 per cent higher water use efficiency than ADT 46. The highest gross income, net income and B:C ratio could be achieved if KMP 175 was chosen to grow under surface irrigation along with Brassinosteroids foliar spray. Hence, it is concluded from the experiment that the variety KMP 175 could be chosen to grow as aerobic in the coastal deltaic region of Karaikal coupled with either Brassinosteroids or KCl foliar spray under either surface irrigation if water is not a constraint or with drip irrigation if water is a constraint to achieve higher grain yield and net profit.
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