Chickens were infected with the Australian T-strain of infectious bronchitis virus. Histologically the disease started as a mild tracheo-bronchitis, accompanied by severe degenerative changes of the renal epithelia and marked inflammatory changes in the intertubular interstitium of renal cortex and medulla and in the propria and submucosa of the ureters and the main collecting ducts. There was a good correlation between the sequence of clinical signs and pathophysiological changes of the disease described by other authors and the sequence and extent of microscopic lesions in the renal tissues found in the present study.
Background: Little is known about sensitization to iron (Fe) in private, occupational, and medical settings, particulary implantology.Objectives: To investigate sensitization to metals, particularly to Fe, both in preimplant individuals with presumed metal allergy and in patients with suspected metal implant allergy. To further characterize Fe-sensitized individuals.Methods: Analysis of patch test reactions to an Fe (II) sulfate-containing metal series in 183 consecutive patients (41 pre-implant, 142 metal implant bearers). Test readings were on day (D)2, D3, and D6. Evaluation of questionnaire-aided history of metal reactivity patterns and demographics of Fe reactors.Results: Metal reactivity in pre-implant/implant/total group was: to nickel 39%/30%/32%; to cobalt 17%/15%/15%; and to chromium 7%/13%/11%.Co-sensitizations cobalt/nickel (19/58) and cobalt/chromium (11/21) were significant at P < .001; co-sensitizations Fe/nickel (4/10) and chromium/knee arthroplasty (11/73) at P = .03. Ten of 183 (5.5%) reacted to Fe (2 of 41 pre-implant patients, 8 of 142 implant bearers), with 10 reacting only on D6. Fe reactivity was highest in complicated knee arthroplasty (7/73). Further peculiarities of Fe reactors included frequent isolated Fe reactivity (6/10), occupational metal exposure (7/10), previous (par)enteral Fe substitution (6/10).Conclusions: The 5.5% prevalence of Fe reactions suggests a potentially underestimated role of this metal allergen in general and in implant bearers. The latter also shows a distinct metal sensitization pattern.
Zusammenfassung Zwei Krankheitsfälle in Broilerbeständen mit Nephritis‐Nephrose‐Syndrom und Bursitis werden beschrieben. In beiden Fällen gelang der Nachweis des Virus der infektiösen Bronchitis und des Bursitisvirus aus den gleichen Tieren. Die Bursitis‐Isolate führten im Tierversuch mit empfänglichen Tieren zu dem typischen Bild der infektiösen Bursitis und spezifischer Antikörperbildung, jedoch nicht zu Nierenveränderungen. Zwei aus typisch veränderten Nieren kranker und gestorbener Tiere isolierte Bronchitisstämme wurden durch Massachusettsserum nur schwach neutralisiert. In einem Falle konnten aus den gleichen Tieren aus den Atmungsorganen und Nieren zwei Bronchitisvirusstämme mit unterschiedlichem Verhalten im Neutralisationstest isoliert werden. Ein drittes, aus Nieren isoliertes Bronchitisvirus, verhielt sich im Neutralisationstest wie die Lungen/Luftröhrenisolate entsprechend dem Massachusetts‐Typ. Summary Simultaneous occurrence of infectious bursitis and infectious bronchitis with the nephritis‐nephrosis syndrome Two cases of the nephritis‐nephrosis syndrome and bursitis are described in broiler flocks. In both cases infectious bronchitis and infectious bursitis viruses were demonstrated in the same bird. The bursitis isolates given experimentally to susceptible birds produced the typical picture of infectious bursitis and specific antibody formation but there were no renal changes. Two bronchitis strains isolated from typically affected kidneys of affected birds that died were only weakly neutralized by Massachusetts serum. In one case two strains of bronchitis virus with different behaviour in the neutralization test were isolated from the same bird, from the respiratory organs and from the kidneys. A third bronchitis virus isolate obtained from kidneys behaved in the neutralization test like the lung/trachea isolate representing the Massachusetts type virus. Résumé Apparition simultanée de boursite et de bronchite infectieuses avec un syndrome de néprite‐néprose On décrit deux cas présentant un syndrome de néphrite‐néphrose et de boursite dans des exploitations de «broilers». On a pu isoler le virus de la bronchite infectieuse et le virus de la boursite dans les deux cas chez les mémes animaux. Les souches «boursite» donnèrent en expérimentation sur des animaux réceptifs l'image typique de la boursite infectieuse et l'apparition d'anticorps spécifiques, sans toutefois présenter lésions rénales. Deux souches «bronchite» isolées de reins typiquement atteints chez des animaux malades et péris ont été faiblement neutralisées par lé sérum «Massachusetts». On a pu isoler dans un cas à partir des organes respiratoires et des reins chez les mémes animaux deux souches virales «bronchite» qui réagirent différemment au test de neutralisation. Une troisième souche virale «bronchite» isolée à partir des reins se comtoires» correspondant au type «Massachusetts». Resumen Aparición simultánea de bursitis infecciosa y bonquitis infecciosa con el síndrome nefritis‐nefrosis Se describen dos casos nosológicos en manada...
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