um dos aditivos. Os dados foram analisados em esquema fatorial 4 × 3 com três repetições para cada tratamento. Foram determinadas as perdas ocorridas durante o processo fermentativo nas formas de gases e de efluentes e a recuperação da MS. Durante a exposição aeróbia, determinaram-se a recuperação da MS e a estabilidade aeróbia medida pela variação da temperatura. A associação de L. buchneri e NaOH reduziu as perdas por gases e efluentes e elevou a recuperação da MS. No período após abertura, destacou-se a atuação do benzoato de sódio em manter o pH com variação de apenas 0,1 unidade em cinco dias de exposição aeróbia e dos inoculantes L. buchneri e P. acidipropionici + L. plantarum em prolongar o tempo para elevação da temperatura de 34 horas nas silagens controle para 54 e 50 horas, respectivamente.A ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar requer a inclusão de algum aditivo eficiente no controle das perdas quantitativas durante a fermentação e a exposição aeróbia.Palavras-chave: estabilidade aeróbia, fermentação, inoculantes, silagem, valor nutritivo Losses evaluation of the sugar cane silage treated with chemical and microbial additives ABSTRACT -The experiment was carried out to evaluate sugar cane silage treated with chemical additive: urea 1.5%, sodium benzoate 0.1%, and sodium hydroxide 1.0% on the wet basis, associated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri, plus control silage in a factorial scheme 4 x 3, with three replications.The gas and effluents losses during the fermentation phase, and dry matter recovery were determined. During the aerobic phase were determined the dry matter recovery and aerobic stability through the temperature variation. The Lactobacillus buchneri and NaOH association reduced gas and effluent losses and increased the dry matter recovery. At the aerobic phase, the sodium benzoate maintained the pH values, with changes of 0.1 unit during five days. The time to temperature elevation increased from 34 hours on the control silage to 54.0 and 50.0 hours, respectively on the silage inoculated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus buchneri. The sugar cane silage production required an efficient additive inclusion which can control the quantitative losses during the fermentation and aerobic phases.

The occurrence of toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk cheese was surveyed in Middle Western Brazil. Fifty samples of cheese from different supermarkets were analyzed for E.coli. The isolates were serotyped and screened for the presence of verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The susceptibility to thirteen antimicrobial agents was evaluated by the disk diffusion method. E.coli were recovered from 48 (96.0%) of the samples. The serogroups identified were O125 (6.0%), O111 (4.0%), O55 (2.0%) and O119 (2.0%). Three (6.0%) and 1(2.0%) of the E.coli isolates were VTEC and ETEC, respectively. Most frequent resistance was observed to the following antimicrobials: cephalothin (60.0%), nalidixic acid (40.0%), doxycyclin (33.0%), tetracycline (31.0%) and ampicillin (29.0%). Keywords: Escherichia coli, cheese, VTEC, ETEC, antimicrobial resistance RESUMO Pesquisou-se a ocorrência de

RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da queima e do uso de aditivos (ureia, benzoato de sódio, hidróxido de sódio (NaOH), Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus buchneri) na ensilagem de cana-deaçúcar. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 (cana-de-açúcar crua e queimada) × 6 (cinco aditivos mais o grupo controle) com três repetições. Determinaram-se as perdas durante o processo fermentativo nas formas de gases e de efluentes e a recuperação de matéria seca (MS). Maior recuperação de MS foi observada nas silagens de canade-açúcar queimada (77,3%) em relação às silagens de cana crua (73,1%). As recuperações de MS observadas nas silagens tratadas com NaOH ou L. buchneri foram de 84%, enquanto das silagens controle, 69%. No período após abertura, uma variável importante é a inibição da elevação do pH, nesse caso, medida pela variação do pH. Destacam-se como inibidores da variação do pH o benzoato de sódio e o L. buchneri, que promoveram variação do pH de 0,05 e 0,18 unidade de pH, respectivamente. A ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar sem aditivos, crua ou queimada, é uma estratégia que resulta em grandes perdas quantitativas, que podem ser evitadas pelo uso de aditivos. Entre os aditivos avaliados, o L. buchneri é o que atua de forma mais satisfatória nas fases de fermentação e pós-abertura de silagens de cana-de-açúcar crua ou queimada.Palavras-chave: estabilidade aeróbia, fermentação, inoculantes, perdas, silagem Burning and chemical and bacterial additives in sugar cane silageABSTRACT -This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of burning and additivess (urea, sodium benzoate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri) on sugar cane silage. A randomized complete design was used, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme with two sugar cane forages (natural or burned) and six treatments (five additive sources plus a control) with three replications. The gas and effluent losses during the fermentation process and dry matter recovery (DMR) were determined. Greater DMR was observed in the burned sugar cane silage (77.3%) compared to the crude silage (73.1%). Among the additives, greater DM recovery was observed in the silages treated with the NaOH or L. buchneri silage, that showed 84.0% DMR, and the control silage with 69.0%. After opening, an important aspect is the inhibition of pH elevation, in this case, measured by the variation in the pH values (VpH). Sodium benzoate and L. buchneri were efficient inhibitors of the VpH, showing values of 0.05 and 0.18 per pH unit, respectively. Ensiled sugar cane without additives, raw or burned, is a strategy that presents high quantitative losses.L. buchneri effectively reduces losses during the fermentation and post-opening phases of raw or burned sugar cane silage.Key Words: aerobic stability, fermentation, inoculants, losses, silage IntroduçãoUm dos entraves à utilização de cana-de-açúcar na forma de capineira é o risco de fogo acidental. A...

RESUMO -Objetivou-se avaliar a ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar tratada com três aditivos químicos (uréia 1,5%, benzoato de sódio 0,1% e hidróxido de sódio 1%) mais o grupo controle e duas inoculações (Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus buchneri), em um esquema fatorial 4 x 3 com três repetições para cada tratamento.Avaliou-se o valor nutritivo da forragem antes da ensilagem, após a abertura dos silos e após a exposição aeróbia. Chemical and bacterial additives association on the sugar cane ensilageABSTRACT -This trial was conducted to evaluate the sugar cane silage treated with chemical additive (urea-1.5%, sodium benzoate-0.1%, and sodium hydroxide-1.0%), associated with control, and two bacterial inoculants (Propionibacterium acidipropionici + Lactobacillus plantarum e Lactobacillus buchneri), in a factorial scheme (4 x 3), and three replications per treatment. It was evaluated the nutritive value of the sugar cane treated with different additive combinations, before and after ensilage. The association of the P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri with NaOH, compared to the control resulted in better preservation of DM (32.2 and 33.5%, compared to 27.4%, respectively), and preserved the NDF (53.4; 55.7% versus 75.3%), ADF (39.5, 44.3% versus 48.7%), lignin (6.6, 7.1% versus 8.1%), and NFC (33.8, 31.7% versus 14.9%), resulting in higher true in vitro DM digestibility (60.3, 63.2% versus 35.1%). The observed values could be associated to the yeast control due to the associative additive effects. In general, it is possible to conclude that sugar cane ensilage process require an efficient additive utilization.Key Words: aerobic stability, fermentation, inoculants, nutritive value, Saccharum officinarum L., silage IntroduçãoA utilização clássica da cana-de-açúcar é na forma in natura (cortada e picada), diariamente para alimentação animal. Em grandes rebanhos, essa técnica se torna o maior empecilho para utilização desse volumoso, pois os produtores alegam dificuldades de logística operacional para realização do corte diário. Para isso, estudos sobre a ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar foram retomados a partir do final dos anos 90 por instituições brasileiras.Segundo Nussio & Schmidt (2004), na ensilagem da cana-de-açúcar, a obtenção de resultados técnicos e econômicos positivos depende, invariavelmente, da escolha correta do aditivo a ser usado. Nesse sentido, resultados de estudos com vários aditivos químicos e bacterianos são encontrados na literatura na ensilagem de culturas como milho e sorgo.Adição de uréia na ensilagem baseia-se na transformação dessa uréia em NH 3 , que reage com água formando hidróxido de amônia, elevando o pH e atuando sobre o

The presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in feces samples of cattle was determined using the cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells and a screening PCR system to detect stx genes. The STEC isolates were serotyped, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and analyzed for virulence genes using multiplex PCR. The verocytotoxin-producing E. coli - reverse passive latex agglutination (VTEC-RPLA) assay was also used to detect Shiga toxin production. The frequency of cattle shedding STEC was 36%. The isolates belonged to 33 different serotypes, of which O10:H42, O98:H41, and O159:H21 had not previously been associated with STEC. The most frequent serotypes were ONT:H7 (10%), O22:H8 (7%), O22:H16 (7%), and ONT:H21 (7%). Most of the strains (96%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. Shiga toxin was detected by the VTEC-RPLA assay in most (89%) of the STEC strains. The frequency of virulence markers was as follows: stx1, 10%; stx2, 43%; stx1 plus stx2, 47%; ehxA, 44%; eae, 1%; and saa, 38%. Several strains belong to serotypes associated with human disease, and most of them carried a stx2-type gene, suggesting that they represent a risk to human health. The screening PCR assay showed fewer false-negative results for STEC than the Vero-cell assay and is suitable for laboratory routine.

Captive brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) were manually restrained to assess tear production by the Schirmer tear test I to measure intraocular pressure by applanation tonometry, to examine ocular conjunctival epithelial cells via cytologic and histologic samples, and to survey ocular conjunctival microflora by microbiologic culture. The mean value for the Schirmer tear test I was 8.9 +/- 1.8 mm/min, and the mean intraocular pressure was 15.3 +/- 3.1 mm Hg. Conjunctival epithelium contained stratified pavimentous layers of cells, and the microflora consisted of predominantly gram-positive bacteria.

Pyometra is recognized as one of the main causes of disease and death in the bitch, and Escherichia coli is the major pathogen associated with this disease. In this study, 70 E. coli isolates from the uteri horn, mouth, and rectum of bitches suffering from the disease and 43 E. coli isolates from the rectum of clinically healthy bitches were examined for the presence of uropathogenic virulence genes and susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. DNA profiles of isolates from uteri horn and mouth in bitches with pyometra were compared by REP, ERIC, and BOX-PCR. Virulence gene frequencies detected in isolates from canine pyometra were as follows: 95.7% fim, 27.1% iss, 25.7% hly, 18.5% iuc, and 17.1% usp. Predominant resistance was determined for cephalothin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid among the isolates from all sites examined. Multidrug resistance was found on ∼50% pyometra isolates. Using the genotypic methods some isolates from uteri, pus, and saliva of the same bitch proved to have identical DNA profiles which is a reason for concern due to the close relationship between household pets and humans.

RESUMO O besouro Alphitobius diaperinus (cascudinho) é visto como uma importante praga da avicultura mundial. Por suas características comportamentais e hábitos biológicos