This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Authors RN and RA designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors RN and RA managed the analyses of the study. Author RN managed the literature searches.
Introduction: Dengue fever, otherwise called break bone fever, is a mosquito borne tropical illness brought about by the dengue virus. In the present study an attempt was made to identify the reason for the year wise increase of dengue incidence in Madurai District .The object of Medical Geography is to study the geographical environment of human society and its influence on the health of man. In this direction the present study helps to understand how the disease governed by people attitude, behavior and knowledge among dengue Material and Methods: To fulfill the objectives Primary and Secondary data were collected. Stratified random sampling method was used to collect the primary data.450 respondents who were interviewed by direct questionnaire method, 20 variables were selected. Year wise dengue cases were collected from Deputy Directorate of Health Department Madurai.
Results:During the previous ten years dengue cases become expanding significantly in Madurai district. In 2017 the percentage of dengue infection attains its zenith. When compared to 2012 dengue infection is doubled as 51% of cases in 2017. The increasing or decreasing rate of dengue infection depends on the knowledge, attitude and practice of people among dengue and it seems low in educated people also.
Conclusion:Dengue affected areas not up to the mark even in educated people also. The initial phase in real life against the dengue mosquito is to educate communities about what dengue is and what measure can be taken to battle it. A reliable water supply is essential to prevent dengue fever. Water shortage force people to store water, which leads to breeding places for dengue mosquitoes.
COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The study area, Tamilnadu, is a southern state in India. The present study demonstrates the significance of mapping in identifying the risk zones of COVID-19 disease by taking a study of COVID-19 cases in Tamilnadu state. The main objective of the study was to identify the risk zone of COVID-19 disease in the first wave of Tamilnadu through geospatial mapping. Data on COVID-19 cases collected during March 2020 to March 2021 month wise in all 37 districts (unit area) of Tamilnadu in two-month interval wise was analysed. The study is based on secondary sources from respective office in Tamilnadu. Z-score techniques were used for standardizing data. Correlation analysis provided a measure of correlation between COVID-19 and working population. Location Quotient analysis aided the identification of COVID-19 risk zones in Tamilnadu. Present study indicates tertiary workers are more vulnerable to COVID-19 disease.
The present study was conducted on DNA extraction and determination of DNA quantity of both male and female of Indian major carps Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo rohita collected from three different sites of western Uttar Pradesh, India. DNA was isolated and gel electrophoresis was carried out and extracted DNA was analyzed using Nanophotometer to determine the quantity of DNA and its purity level. A total of 90 samples were analyzed. The DNA content of Catla catla female was 62-80 ng/μl and of male was 71-84 ng/μl; of Cirrhinus mrigala female was 62-74 ng/μl and of male was 64-78 ng/μl and of Labeo rohita female was 59-68 ng/μl and of male was 66-74 ng/μl. For evaluation of interspecific variations, the DNA content variation among sex, type (species), site were analyzed using generalized linear model by the analysis of the content variation which was done using ANOVA (Univariate Analysis of Variance UNIANOVA using SPSS 20.0, Followed by Posthoc Duncan's Multiple Range Test) and showed significance at 1% level in all parameters (site, type, sex).
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