Over the past years highly effective phytopreparations with antibacterial activity have been created in Russia. Macleaya x kevensis Turill, which is a hybrid between heart-shaped Macleaya (Macleaya cordata) and small-fruited Macleaya (Macleaya microcarpa), can serve as a raw material for their production. To provide the pharmaceutical industry with this type of raw material in the conditions of the North Caucasian branch of VILAR, plantations of this crop have been created and research is being carried out to create a zonal technology for its cultivation. The basis of cultivatiov is the exogenous regulation of the processes of growth, development and bioproductivity of the plant organism through the use of organomineral and microfertilizers. In 2019–2022 experiments on testing humic fertilizers (Potassium Humate, Lignohumate) and their complexes with silicon-containing microfertilizer Siliplant were carried out on the Macleaya plantation. Treatments with these preparations were carried out: in the 1st year of the growing season – at the beginning of regrowth and after 30 days, in the 2nd and 3rd years of the growing season – at the beginning of the growing season and after the first harvesting of raw materials for growing plants. As a result of the tests, an increase in the growth and development of Macleaya plants was observed. The activation of growth processes contributed to an increase in crop yield in the first year with a single cut by 0.18–0.19 t/ha (17–18%), in the 2 and 3 years of the growing season by the sum of two cuts by 1.50–1.76 t/ha (20–24%) and the collection of alkaloids per hectare by 21–27%.
Relevance. An important place in the extensive assortment of ether-oil cultures belongs to the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), phytopreparations produced on its basis are widely used in the treatment of inflammatory processes, the normalization of the gastrointestinal tract.Methodology. To provide the pharmaceutical industry with this type of medicinal raw materials, it is necessary to create adapted technologies, where an important link will be the development of techniques for adapting the culture to unstable weather conditions.Results. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the North Caucasus branch of VILAR (West Ciscaucasia) in 2019-2021, by conducting small-scale experiments. The indicators of growth and development of yarrow of the II-V years of vegetation, the yield of raw materials, the content of essential oil and its collection per hectare under unstable weather conditions were studied. It was found that with sufficient moisture supply and a comfortable level of air temperatures in 2021, a high yield of medicinal raw materials of this crop is observed. At the same time, low water supply and high temperatures in 2020 had a negative impact on plant development, a drop in yield of 1.35-1.65 t/ha was established, which led to losses in the collection of essential oil per hectare by 3.23-4.32 kg/ha. A decrease in the degree of negative impact of drought on yarrow plants of the II-IV years of vegetation was achieved through the use of silicon-containing microfertilization Siliplant. Double treatment with this drug contributed to a decrease in the yield of raw materials to 5-6% and the collection of essential oil per hectare to 5-7%. in the control – 21-24% and 22-24%, respectively. Despite the high yield of raw materials in the III-III years of yarrow vegetation, the use of Siliplant allows collecting ether-oil raw materials for 4 years. Thus, the inclusion of Siliplant microfertilization in cultivation technology allows plants to adapt to hydrothermal stress conditions and makes it possible to obtain stable yields of raw materials with a high collection of essential oil per hectare, regardless of weather conditions.
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