Nine species belonging to six dicotyledonous families have been described here from an assemblage of petrified woods collected from the Mio-Pliocene of Namsang beds near Deomali. They are Sterculioxylon varmahii sp. nov., Heritieroxylon arunachalensis gen. et sp. nov. of Sterculiaceae; Burseroxylon garugoides sp. nov. of Burseraceae; Mangiferoxylon assamicum Prakash & Tripathi of Anacardiaceae; Albizinium eolebbekianum Prakash and Millettioxylon palaeopulchra sp. nov. of Leguminosae; Lagerstroemioxylon deomaliensis sp. nov. of Lythraceae; and Laurinoxylon namsangensis sp. nov. and L. deomafiensis sp. nov. of Lauraceae. Modern comparable forms of these fossils still occur in and around the tropical evergreen to deciduous forests of Arunachal Pradesh, indicating the continuation of somewhat similar kind of vegetation and climatic conditions in this region from the Neogene to the present day.

A fossil gymnospermous wood with araucarian affinities has been described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan in Chhindwara District of Madhya Pradesh. This fossil provides further evidence in support of the presence of Araucariaceae in the Deccan Intertrappean flora.

The present paper deals with the anatomy of two new species of Palmoxylon, P. parapaniensis and P. mandlaensis, collected from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Parapani and Mohgaon in Mandla District, Madhya Pradesh. Palmoxylon parapaniensis shows a prominent lacunar ground tissue throughout the wood and belongs to Cocos-like forms, whereas the ground tissue is compact in P. mandlaensis; this belongs to Corypha- like forms.

Fossil woods of Sterculioxylon deccanensis sp. nov., Grewioxylon sp. cf., G. mahurzariense Prakash & Dayal, Elaeocarpoxylon mandlaensis sp. nov. and Atalantioxylon indicum gen. et sp. novo have been described here from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mandla District in Madhya Pradesh. These represent the extant genera Sterculia, Grewia, Elaeocarpus-Echinocarpus and Atalantia-Limonia of the families Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, Elaeocarpaceae and Rutaceae respectively. Of these, Sterculia and Atalantia-Limonia are new additions to the Palaeogene flora of India.

A monocotyledonous inflorescence, Monocotylostrobus bracteatus gen. et sp. nov. are described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh. Although the exact affinities of the inflorescence could not be ascertained, a close relationship with the families Palmae and Liliaceae is indicated.