Problem statement: In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), both the routing layer and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer are vulnerable to several attacks. There are very few techniques to detect and isolate the attacks of both these layers simultaneously. In this study, we developed a combined solution for routing and MAC layer attacks. Approach: Our approach, makes use of three techniques simultaneously which consists of a cumulative frequency based detection technique for detecting MAC layers attacks, data forwarding behavior based detection technique for detecting packet drops and message authentication code based technique for packet modification. Results: Our combined solution presents a reputation value for detecting the malicious nodes and isolates them from further network participation till its revocation. Our approach periodically checks all nodes, including the isolated nodes, at regular time period λ. A node which recovers from its misbehaving condition is revoked to its normal condition after the time period λ. Conclusion/Recommendations: By simulation results, we show that our combined solution provides more security by increased packet delivery ratio and reduced packet drops. We also shown that our approach has less overhead compared to the existing technique.
Abstract-The wireless nature and inherent features of mobile ad hoc networks make them vulnerable to a wide variety of attacks. In an internal attack, the attacker gains the normal access to the network and takes part in the network activities, either by some malicious impersonation to get the access to the network as a new node, or by directly compromising a current node and using it as a basis to conduct its malicious behaviors. In this paper, we develop a cluster based authentication technique to mitigate the internal attacks. The entire network is divided into hierarchical group of clusters, each cluster having a fully trusted cluster head. Each node holds a certificate issued by an offline certificate authority (CA). The Trust Count (TC) for each of the nodes can be estimated periodically for every trust evaluation interval (TEI), based on their access policy (AP). The certificate of a node is renewed or rejected by the cluster head, based on its trust counter value. By simulation results, we show that our proposed technique provides better packet delivery ratio and resilience against node capture.
In a typical DoS attack, the attacker tries to bring the server down. In this case, the attacker sends a lot of bogus queries to the server to consume its computing power and bandwidth. As the server’s bandwidth and computing power are always greater than attacker’s client machine, He seeks help from a group of connected computers. DDoS attack involves a lot of client machines which are hijacked by the attacker (together called as botnet). As the server handles all these requests sent by the attacker, all its resources get consumed and it cannot provide services. In this project, we are more concerned about reducing the computing power on the server side by giving the client a puzzle to solve. To prevent such attacks, we use client puzzle mechanism. In this mechanism, we introduce a client-side puzzle which demands the machine to perform tasks that require more resources (computation power). The client’s request is not directly sent to the server. Moreover, there will be an Intermediate Server to monitor all the requests that are being sent to the main server. Before the client’s request is sent to the server, it must solve a puzzle and send the answer. Intermediate Server is used to validate the answer and give access to the client or block the client from accessing the server.
Many authentication schemes are known to us but none of them are completely secure. Textual password is the most common technique used by majority of the people in the industry. But Textual passwords are vulnerable to dictionary attacks, keyloggers, brute-force attacks, even guessing may work out sometimes. Alternative authentication schemes have been proposed to overcome this problem, some of them are Biometric authentication, retina based authentication, graphical password scheme ETC., Authentication Schemes such as biometric and retina scans are too costly, so they are not always preferred. Not every graphical authentication is secure and efficient. In this paper, an authentication scheme with a combination of text and colour is proposed. This allows the user to log-in to the framework a little more secure.
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