Azithromycin can be developed as an eyedrop in an aqueous ocular delivery system for the treatment of ocular surface infections. The ocular delivery system, DuraSite solubilizes azithromycin at a high concentration in an aqueous solution and protects it from degradation during manufacture and storage. The development of azithromycin in this delivery system enhances the antibiotic's usefulness in ophthalmology for the topical treatment of ocular surface bacterial infections and lid margin diseases.
Two studies of coke workers in Britain, comprising 6,767 men, gave similar results. The proportion of lung cancer deaths was about 20% higher than in manual workers generally. The excess occurred primarily among younger men. The ratio of lung cancers to all other cancers was also higher than expected, with limited data showing no evidence of excessive tobacco consumption. Death rates from other causes were generally favorable. Overall the lung cancer death rates in oven workers were similar to those in non-oven men, but in both studies some indications of a job-specific excess were noted. These findings are compared with results from earlier studies in the United States and Canada where a much higher excess lung cancer mortality was found in oven men, particularly those with longer exposure times. We discuss possible reasons for the differences, and conclude that the results reported now contribute further evidence that exposure to coal carbonization fumes can cause lung cancer.
1971). Brit. J. industr. Med., 28,[358][359][360][361][362][363] Bronchitis in men employed in the coke industry. An epidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of bronchitis in men employed at two of the National Coal Board's coking plants is described. Eight hundred and eighty-one men (91 %) of the total working population were examined.A strong association was found between bronchitis prevalence and cigarette smoking (P < 0-001). In addition, men who smoked and who were exposed to high temperatures, dust, and fumes in the environment of the coke-ovens had more bronchitis than men who worked elsewhere in the cokeworks (P < 0 02).Both the presence of bronchitis and employment in the environment of the coke-ovens had significant and independent effects on ventilatory capacity. The combination of cigarette smoking and previous employment in a dusty industry also had a significant effect on ventilatory capacity.The investigation suggests that cigarette smoking, and the combination of smoking and pollution from the coke-ovens and previous occupation, appear to be important factors in the aetiology of bronchitis and reduced ventilatory capacity in men employed in the coke manufacturing industry.
QUITE early in one's dermatological career one becomes familiar with the Koebner Phenomenon. Koebner's original description on 3 May 1872 was of the occurrence of psoriasis in skin damaged by the trauma of a pressure sore caused by riding and of horsefly bites, and in a tattoo mark.We now know that many other conditions can arise in traumatized skin. Lichen planus and warts are perhaps the most commonly seen but erupting eczema and allergic purpura can behave in the same way. Sarcoid granulomata and chronic discoid lupus erythematosus can also be started by trauma but in all these cases the injury merely initiates the pathological process and as far as we know no exogenous agent is responsible for the skin changes. The following cases were unusual in that they api>eared to show a Koebner phenomenon but after investigation it was discovered that an exogenous cause was responsible for the lesions. CASE REPORTS.Case 1.-In the spring of 195G, a 29-year-o!d coal-miner was referred to one of us (I.B.S.) because three weeks after his back had been abraded by a slight fall of roof he had developed a most unusual looking but symptomless eruption on tbe site of the injuries. He had had no treatment for the abrasions, which were no worse than he had sustained on many previous occasions, and he had continued working as a filler at the coal face.The eruption covered a large area of his back and consisted of many fine white firm papules 2-3 mm. in diameter, some in ring formation and others linear, the majority of the papules having an erythematous flare around them (Fig. 1). The epidermis appeared to be intact over the papules. There was no itching or pain. Most of the lesions were on the exact area where his skin had been abraded, but a few had developed on the posterior axillary fold where he was sure there had been no abrasions. The rest of his akin was normal. He felt in good health and there was nothing else relevant in his history.Histological examination showed au intact and normal epidermis hut with haematoxj'lin and eosin there was a metachi-omatic stained zone in tlie upper liall of the dermis. Stained with Von Kossa this gave a markedly positive reaction for phosphates and it appeared fairly conclusively to Ite calcification in the dermis. Serum electrolytes including calcium aiid phosphorus were normal. The case was shown to the North of England Dermatological Society as a case of Traumatic Calcinosis ; this diagnosis was accepted but no one had seen one like it.Case 2.-A few weeks later a similar case was referred to I. B. S. This was a 21-year-old miner who had two groups of lesions on his left elbow. The eruption had been present for several weeks. Here again, a series of whitish
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