Background. Interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are potent induces of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and injection of PGE, IL‐1, or TNF decreases food intake in healthy animals, whereas the anorexigenic effects of injected IL‐1 and TNF are blocked by inhibitors of PG synthesis. It has been hypothesized that host secretion of IL‐1 and TNF contribute to tumor‐induced anorexia. This study was undertaken to determine whether administration of PG inhibitors alters food intake in anorectic rats implanted with Walker 256 carcinoma. Methods. Groups of six tumor‐bearing rats were implanted with slow‐release pellets containing ibuprofen, indomethacin, or acetylsalicylic acid. Food intake, tumor growth, and body temperature were monitored for 14 days and compared with control tumor‐bearing animals implanted with placebo pellets. Results. Tumor growth was associated with anorexia, fever, wieght loss, and increased leukocyte secretion of IL‐1 and TNF. Indomethacin and ibuprofen retarded tumor growth 30–40% and lowered body temperature compared with controls, but had no effect on food intake or body weight of tumor‐bearing animals. Conclusions. Prostaglandins do not mediate tumorinduced anorexia.
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">Background</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the current standard of care for lymphatic staging in early breast cancer patients. The combination of a SLNB with an intra-operative diagnosis of the SLNB enables a single staged procedure, avoiding a delayed axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in node positive patients. The current conventional pathological techniques are resource intensive, require expert personnel and are not routinely used in many breast units.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">Methods</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">GeneSearch™ BLN assay is a RT-PCR technique calibrated to detect SLN metastases of >0.2mm. It is designed to detect 2 clinically validated genes Mammaglobin (MG) and Cytokeratin – 19 to provide a rapid diagnosis.The SLN identification was by the combined technique using radiocolloid and patent blue dye. The excised SLNs were sliced in their short axis at intervals of 1.5 mm to 2 mm. The sections were numbered and alternate sections were processed for histopathology and RT-PCR assay.The study was conducted in 2 phases. The first phase was to evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of RT-PCR assay as an intra-operative diagnostic test. The second phase was the real time application of the results to inform decision regarding immediate ALND.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">Results</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">This prospective study comprised of 166 patients with 164 females and 2 male...
Background. The current study was undertaken to determine if changes in gastric emptying contribute to tumor‐induced anorexia. Methods. Rats were implanted with the Walker 256 carcinoma, and food intake was measured daily. On days 0, 8, and 15, the rats were fasted overnight, gavage fed a bolus of liquid food, and residual gastric contents were measured 3 hours later. Results. Tumor growth was associated with a progressive decline in voluntary food intake. When the rats were gavage fed 2.5 or 7 ml of liquid food, the percent of gastric contents cleared in 3 hours was unchanged with tumor growth. Conclusions. Changes in gastric emptying did not contribute to decreased food intake with growth of the Walker 256 in rats.
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