Em Palmeiral, um bairro de autoconstrução na periferia de Salvador da Bahia, a aquisição e conservação de moradia dependem do desempenho social, da capacidade de ocupar uma posição respeitável e de integrar-se numa vicinalidade (uma rede de famílias/casas que formam um âmbito de inter-relação e troca de favores). Porém, manter essa posição pode ser complicado. A funcionalidade dessas redes é limitada, gerando frequentemente tensões e conflitos. Por um lado, através do exame de situações quotidianas e casos que têm a ver com a propriedade, este artigo aborda o caráter ambíguo das dinâmicas de vicinalidade. Quais os benefícios e as cargas que suportam os que se integram nelas? Qual o alcance da reciprocidade que desenvolvem? Por outro lado, o artigo critica a visão simplificada que alguns documentos oferecem dessas formas de reciprocidade, visões que ignoram seu caráter complexo e ambivalente.
The expansion of neoliberalization of fisheries in developing countries has been largely driven by political economic decisions. Artisanal fisheries and aquaculture have not been exempt from these privatization measures, the implementation of deregulation measures in the fisheries sector, and commoditization strategies oriented mainly to exports. However, little research has been done about these issues jointly in South America. Therefore, the adoption of these measures and the adaptation and transformation of artisanal fishermen to entrepreneurs were studied in the scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) fishery/aquaculture in Tongoy Bay, Chile. We use qualitative research and an analysis of historical archives to describe a series of political-economic changes, stages, and processes involved in the transformation of the sector. The analysis focuses on conflicts, resistance practices, and value regimes between fishers and farmers to explore the different moral economies at play. Our results show that (a) changes in moral economies are neither automatic nor unidirectional; (b) the State, through its economic policy, technological development institutions, and technology transfer actions, does not directly generate expected results; (c) artisanal fishers who have become entrepreneurs understand and justify competitiveness (or lack of it) because some are more entrepreneurial than others; (d) despite the adoption of neoliberal guidelines, aspects of a more traditional moral economy remain, such as the role of family units in the configuration of enterprises; and, finally, (e) artisanal fishers have moved from a traditional moral economy based on collective and historical rights to a neoliberal moral economy based on the individual and his or her capacity for self-improvement, entrepreneurship, and efficient work management.
Recibido: 21 de marzo de 2011 Aceptado: 26 de abril de 2011 ResumenEl artículo recoge tres estudios de caso donde se abordan transformaciones en diferentes regímenes de propiedad: el proceso de regularización de un asentamiento informal en Salvador de Bahía; la redefinición de las relaciones de aparcería en la provincia de Banias (Siria), introducida por la ley de regulación de las relaciones agrícolas (2004); y las transformaciones en los regímenes de propiedad comunal en Goizueta (Navarra). Con el tema común de la transformación emprendida por diversos aparatos estatales de regímenes de propiedad consuetudinarios e históricos, se observa transversalmente cómo esta intervención conduce a situaciones y tipos de gestión basados en los mismos valores y principios estructurales, de corte netamente (neo)liberal, que en contextos muy diferentes producen efectos similares: precarización del ocupante/ trabajador agrícola; privilegio del acceso a la tierra por la vía de la compra; tendencia a la maximización del rendimiento y del beneficio; introducción de los recursos en la libre circulación del mercado, etc. Asimismo, los tres estudios de caso, puestos en relación, nos permiten explorar las contradicciones, oposiciones y resistencias que atraviesan la implantación de la hegemonía (neo)liberal, mostrándonos los elementos compartidos, así como las particularidades que conforman esos otros proyectos políticos que pugnan, en diversos contextos socio-históricos, con el proceso liberalizador.Palabras clave: Propiedad, derecho consuetudinario, bienes comunales, regulación, capital, trabajo, aparcería, desposesión, vivienda, Navarra, Brasil, Siria. AbstractThe article covers three case studies which deal with changes in different property regimes: the regularization of an informal establishment in Salvador de Bahía; the redefinition of the 1 Las investigaciones presentadas en este artículo se enmarcan dentro del proyecto colectivo "Formas de regulación de la responsabilidad económica y política: entre la formalidad y la informalidad" (SEJ-66633 SOCI).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.