This article discusses the results of implementation of the republican budget in the context of agricultural financing. The allocation of the necessary budget funds for the realization of the measures, which were taken into account by the State Program for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021, has been considered. The areas of financing and the level of utilization of budget funds in the framework of the program tasks for 2017 have been studied in detail. The results of using these funds in raising the level of food safety in the country have been assessed. Some problems in the development of the provision of domestic food products, in particular, dairy products, have been identified, and suggestions for their solution have been made.
This article considers the application of econometric calculations by the method of statistical dependence equations to analyze the relationships between various factors and the performance indicator. It is noted that the use of econometric calculations should be based on knowledge and understanding of the essence of economic processes and phenomena, the specifics of economic interrelations and the laws of their development. The study presents the methodology by using statistical dependence equations and calculating the factor stability coefficients based on the actual development indicators of the livestock sector in the Akmola region over several years.
The article examines the main parameters of the republican budget for 2021–2023, which were approved on December 2, 2020, in conjunction with the forecast indicators of the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan for 2021–2025, taking into account the updated forecast of macroeconomic indicators for 2020. The issues of the formation of the republican budget on the basis of the basic scenario of the country's economic development are considered. A sufficiently detailed comparative characteristic of the volume and structure of income sources of the republican budget with the allocation of the most significant receipts in the structure of income has been studied and presented. The volume, structure and main directions of financing the costs of the republican budget in the context of the main functional groups of the budget are comparatively analyzed. The main budgetary programs for financing agriculture are highlighted in more detail. It is noted that there is a slight decrease in funding for the main budget programs. For such programs as improving the availability of financial services, the availability of knowledge and scientific research for 2023, there is no provision for allocating funds from the republican budget at all. It is noted that the reduction in the volume of budget financing with a simultaneous decrease in the amount of budget lending may lead not to growth, but to a decrease in the volume of gross agricultural output.
A comparative analysis of the efficiency of crop production and its cost is presented. The necessity of using an additive model and methodology for calculating the share influence of individual factors in determining production costs has been justified. The dynamics of indicators of the volume of proceeds depending on the sale of all products of crop production sector, as well as sales volume of wheat and barley according to the data of a specific agricultural enterprise are studied. The average annual growth rates of production and cost of these crops is calculated. The value and specific weight of production costs when growing them for the analyzed period is shown in comparison. It has been determined how, in quantitative terms, material costs and depreciation costs affect the amount of expenses. The relationship between the indicators of efficiency of crop production and cost price is considered. Its direct impact on the level of income in production and sale of products has been determined. The need for constant monitoring and stabilization of material costs is noted, especially for fuel and lubricants and spare parts, depreciation deductions, which are the main factors in increasing the profitability of goods. The necessity of constant monitoring of indicators calculated on the basis of economic factors that accumulate all elements of production process has been justified. In the conclusion of the article, the reserves for increasing the volume of crop production yields are revealed, recommendations on increasing competitive advantages in crop production sector are presented.
Aim – recommendations on the current methodology for applying statistical and econometric approaches in the study of variables characterizing the efficiency of production of various crops, in particular potatoes. Methods – economic and statistical for the study of economic phenomena and processes, comparison and generalization, logical. Results – it is noted that the potato, as one of the most common and necessary food for humans, occupies an important place in production activities of agricultural enterprises. Based on official statistics, its production in the Akmola region from 2001 to 2021 was analyzed. A number of stability coefficients have been calculated. The directions of changes in the areas of crops are considered with the help of regression analysis. Using the linear equation method, analytical alignment of a number of production indicators was made, since it is a more rational method for studying the dynamics of such indicators as sown areas, productivity and gross harvest. Conclusions – it was revealed that in many regions of Kazakhstan there is an unstable cultivation of potatoes, which is influenced by various factors: low level of agricultural technology, losses during storage and logistics, insufficient volumes of fertilizer application. In the potato industry of the republic, it is necessary to develop and implement programs to support potato producers, look for foreign sales channels and stimulate an increase in potato exports, revive seed production focused on growing high-yielding, droughtadapted, resistant to diseases and pests of domestic varieties. For these purposes, potato farms require additional investments, the attraction of which will provide an opportunity to carry out a number of organizational changes, increase the level of their intensification, improve product quality and, ultimately, increase its competitiveness.
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