This study investigated the structural, morphological, and optical absorption of three separate perovskites (NaPbI 3 , CsPbI 3 , and LiPbI 3) developed by a lowcost and massive hydrothermal production technique. For all samples, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement demonstrated the growth of perovskites in the hexagonal phase along (002) orientation. From the scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses, the perovskites have mixed morphologies between nano/micro rods and nano/microdiscs. In the visible field, NaPbI 3 demonstrated stronger light absorption than CsPbI 3 and LiPbI 3. The prepared perovskites were tested under visible light as working electrodes for water splitting reactions using Na 2 S 2 O 3 electrolyte. With 2.76% at 405 nm, the NaPbI 3 perovskite photoelectrode in accordance with its optical properties showed the highest incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) among the studied perovskites. Also, the NaPbI 3 perovskite demonstrated higher PEC performance with an H 2 production rate of 38 μmolh −1 cm −2 than many other reported perovskites. The studied perovskites have high stability and reproductivity for the photoelectrochemical H 2 production.

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