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The Reynolds number in nanofluids studies depends on the inlet velocity and the kinematic viscosity of nanofluid. The nanofluid kinematic viscosity increases with an increasing in nanoparticles volume fraction while the inlet velocity should be increased to keep the Reynolds number constant. Therefore, it is not clear that either increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction or increasing the inlet velocity has major role on heat transfer enhancement in nanofluids flow studies which are done at constant Reynolds numbers. In this study, forced convection Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid flows in two-dimensional rectangular microchannels have been investigated to study heat transfer enhancement due to addition of the nanoparticles to the base fluid especially in microchannels at low Reynolds number. Three

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