PurposeTo validate the feasibility of a single-fraction high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) boost for prostate cancer using real-time transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) based planning.Material and methodsFrom August 2012 to September 2015, 126 patients underwent a single-fraction HDRBT boost of 15 Gy using real-time TRUS based planning. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) (37.5 Gy/15 fractions, 44 Gy/22 fractions, or 45 Gy/25 fractions) was performed before (31%) or after (69%) HDRBT boost. Genito-urinary (GU) and gastro-intestinal (GI) toxicity were assessed 4 and 12 months after the end of combined treatment using the international prostate symptom score scale (IPSS) and the common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v3.0.ResultsAll dose-planning objectives were achieved in 90% of patients. Prostate D90 ≥ 105% and ≤ 115% was achieved in 99% of patients, prostate V150 ≤ 40% in 99%, prostate V200 < 11% in 96%, urethra D10 < 120% for 99%, urethra V125 = 0% in 100%, and rectal V75 < 1 cc in 93% of patients. Median IPSS score was 4 at baseline and did not change at 4 and 12 months after combined treatment. No patients developed ≥ grade 2 GI toxicity. With a median follow-up of 10 months, only two patients experienced biochemical failure. Among patients who didn't receive ADT, cumulative percentage of patients with PSA ≤ 1 ng/ml at 4 and 18 months was respectively 23% and 66%.ConclusionsSingle-fraction HDRBT boost of 15 Gy using real-time TRUS based planning achieves consistently high dosimetry quality. In combination with EBRT, toxicity outcomes appear promising. A longer follow-up is needed to assess long-term outcome and toxicities.
PurposeTo analyze intraoperative (IO) dosimetry using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), performed before and after prostate low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT), and compare it to dosimetry performed 30 days following the LDR-BT implant (Day 30).Material and methodsA total of 236 patients underwent prostate LDR-BT using 125I that was performed with a three-dimensional TRUS-guided interactive inverse preplanning system (preimplant dosimetry). After the implant procedure, the TRUS was repeated in the operating room, and the dosimetry was recalculated (postimplant dosimetry) and compared to dosimetry on Day 30 computed tomography (CT) scans. Area under curve (AUC) statistics was used for models predictive of dosimetric parameters at Day 30.ResultsThe median follow-up for patients without BF was 96 months, the 5-year and 8-year biochemical recurrence (BR)-free rate was 96% and 90%, respectively. The postimplant median D90 was 3.8 Gy lower (interquartile range [IQR], 12.4-0.9), and the V100 only 1% less (IQR, 2.9-0.2%) than the preimplant dosimetry. When comparing the postimplant and the Day 30 dosimetries, the postimplant median D90 was 9.6 Gy higher (IQR [–] 9.5-30.3 Gy), and the V100 was 3.2% greater (0.2-8.9%) than Day 30 postimplant dosimetry. The variables that best predicted the D90 of Day 30 was the postimplant D90 (AUC = 0.62, p = 0.038). None of the analyzed values for IO or Day 30 dosimetry showed any predictive value for BR.ConclusionsAlthough improving the IO preimplant and postimplant dosimetry improved dosimetry on Day 30, the BR-free rate was not dependent on any dosimetric parameter. Unpredictable factors such as intraprostatic seed migration and IO factors, prevented the accurate prediction of Day 30 dosimetry.
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