Renewable energy is replenished on a human timescale. The concern for the use of renewable energy is growing across the globe due to depleting nonrenewable sources and various environmental issues. We construct a model of sustainable development to demonstrate the causality and co-integration between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and renewable energy consumption. We consider data of select 43 countries for the period from 2005 to 2017 and apply panel data analysis. The results reveal a unidirectional causality from renewable energy consumption to FDI inflows and the presence of a long-run relationship. Consequently, the constructed model will assist the government, non-government organizations, and companies in evaluating the significance of renewable energy and FDI inflows in sustainable development.
Stock markets act as barometers of economies; thus, a nation's stock market returns are expected to be affected by not only domestic but also global economic events. This also raises questions about the validity of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). This study therefore examines the impact of both expected and unexpected economic events on stock market returns in India, as represented by the benchmark NIFTY 50 Index and other sectoral indices. Using dummy variable regression models to determine the effects before, on, and after the date an event occurred, the current study concludes that despite investors' immediate positive or negative reactions to economic events, their responses are short term and the Indian stock market quickly recovers. In addition, the findings contradict the EMH in the Indian context: unexpected economic events exert a greater impact than those expected, indicating the potential for investors and traders to earn abnormal profits when such events occur.Contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the existing body of literature on stock market efficiency. Its primary contribution is evidence of the impact of both expected and unexpected economic events on stock market returns in India.
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