Renewable energy is replenished on a human timescale. The concern for the use of renewable energy is growing across the globe due to depleting nonrenewable sources and various environmental issues. We construct a model of sustainable development to demonstrate the causality and co-integration between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and renewable energy consumption. We consider data of select 43 countries for the period from 2005 to 2017 and apply panel data analysis. The results reveal a unidirectional causality from renewable energy consumption to FDI inflows and the presence of a long-run relationship. Consequently, the constructed model will assist the government, non-government organizations, and companies in evaluating the significance of renewable energy and FDI inflows in sustainable development.
On 8 th November 2016, the Government of India demonetized its two highest currency notes in the denomination of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000. The purpose of demonetization was to tackle the corruption and black money prevailing in the country. The stock market is one of the areas which pools a large amount of funds, the present study is an analytical attempt to examine the impact of demonetization on Indian stock market. For the purpose of the study, various statistical techniques have been used such as Graphical Analysis, Summary Statistics (i.e. Mean, Standard Deviation, Skewness, and Kurtosis), Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test and GARCH Model. The study utilizes the GARCH model to examine the impact of demonetization on Nifty 50 Index and across sectoral indices in India considering a period of 200 days prior and post event date by framing necessary dummy variables. The study found the data to be stationary using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test. A significant negative impact of demonetization on stock market returns was evidenced from Nifty 50 Index and sectoral indices such as Nifty Auto Index,
In one of the most historic decisions in the Indian economy, the Government of India demonetized its two highest currency notes (Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000) on November 8, 2016. The Indian stock market does not only consist of domestic investors; however, it does attract a large pool of foreign investors. The present study, considering the significance of demonetization in Indian economy, attempted to examine the association between foreign institutional investment (FII), domestic institutional investment (DII) and stock market returns taking into account a period of 686 days from June 11, 2015, to March 27, 2018, i.e., 343 days pre- and post-demonetization. The study made use of various statistical techniques such as summary statistics, augmented Dickey–Fuller test, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results indicate a negative relationship of FIIs and DIIs with Nifty 50 Index Returns prior to demonetization; however, such a relationship was noticed to be positive post-demonetization. The present study did not evidence a significant impact of demonetization on FIIs and DIIs, but a significant negative impact was noticed in the case of Nifty 50 Index and various sectoral indices post-demonetization. Nifty Realty sector was found to be severely affected because of demonetization. The study will help the government in understanding the impact of demonetization on foreign and domestic institutional investors, various sectoral indices and evaluate market sentiment post-demonetization and therefore frame necessary policies. Also, the information provided in present study will help various stock market participants.
Stock markets act as barometers of economies; thus, a nation's stock market returns are expected to be affected by not only domestic but also global economic events. This also raises questions about the validity of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). This study therefore examines the impact of both expected and unexpected economic events on stock market returns in India, as represented by the benchmark NIFTY 50 Index and other sectoral indices. Using dummy variable regression models to determine the effects before, on, and after the date an event occurred, the current study concludes that despite investors' immediate positive or negative reactions to economic events, their responses are short term and the Indian stock market quickly recovers. In addition, the findings contradict the EMH in the Indian context: unexpected economic events exert a greater impact than those expected, indicating the potential for investors and traders to earn abnormal profits when such events occur.Contribution/Originality: This study contributes to the existing body of literature on stock market efficiency. Its primary contribution is evidence of the impact of both expected and unexpected economic events on stock market returns in India.
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