Aus β‐Naphthol (III) und den Aldehyden (II) werden unter dehydratisierender Cyclisierung bzw. unter sauren Bedingungen die Dibenzoxanthene (I) bzw. die Bis‐(hydroxynaphthyD‐phenylmethane (IV) synthetisiert; letztere werden in die Diacetate (V) übergeführt.

Purpose:The main aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence and severity of FSD in women working in tertiary hospitals.Material and methods:The study sample was drawn from health care women between the ages of 20 and 65 years, working in two hospitals in Greece. This descriptive study used a structured Greek questionnaire and sexual function screener and quality of life sectors were consisted of rated scale questions. Eighty eight questionnaires were returned properly completed. The statistical analysis used the SPSS statistical program.Results:Female sexual dysfunction is a highly prevalent health issue whose exact incidence is not well defined. Factors that can contribute to female sexual dysfunction may be psychogenic, physical, mixed or unknown. Each of these factors consists of individual components that influence the sexual response; however their precise impact in FSD development and progression is unknown. Moreover, the role of circadian rhythm disorders (especially that of shift work sleep disorder) to the development and progression of FSD has been poorly investigated.Conclusion:Working environment and patterns of work schedules may play a role in FSD however it has been difficult to specify in what extent they contribute to FSD development.

Introduction/Aim: Although prostatic calculi/calcifications are encountered frequently in the urological practice, little is known about the incidence of such lesions, their mechanism of formation, their relationship to other prostate conditions and their clinical significance. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics and to investigate the clinical significance of prostatic calcifications (PCs) in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP). Materials and methods: This study was conducted between 01/02/2013 and 20/02/2018. The patient population for this study included subjects with or without PCs and a confirmed diagnosis of NIH category II Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis (CBP). Demographics and clinical history of each assessed patient were reviewed. Eligible patients underwent prostatic ultrasound with post-void residual measurement, and the Meares-Stamey “4-glass” test. Symptom severity was measured using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the International Prostatic Symptoms Score (IPSS). Antimicrobials were administered to confirmed cases of CBP according to the results of susceptibility tests. After four weeks off-therapy, the NIH-CPSI and IPSS tests were repeated. Variables were compared between patients with and without prostatic calcifications. Results: Ninety-five CBP patients were included in the study. According to the presence of PCs detected by ultrasound examination, patients were divided into two groups: 41 had PCs (group 1) and 54 didn’t (group 2). No significant between-group baseline differences were found regarding age, marital status, prostate volume, the proportion of common CBP pathogens. Concerning highrisk sexual behavior, a significantly higher number of men with PCs practiced anal penetration. Moreover, a significantly higher number of men with PCs had a history of chronic prostatitis relapsing episodes. Microbiological eradication and the complete resolution of clinical symptoms occurred in similar proportions between the two groups. However, intergroup analysis resulted in significantly higher scores of the NIH-CPSI test in group 1, both at the pre-therapy and at the post-therapy time points. Conversely, no IPSS score differences between groups 1 and 2 were found at both pre- and post-therapy time points. Conclusions: Prostatic calcifications do not seem to influence the microbiological outcome of antibacterial treatment. However, the CBP symptoms appear to be more severe in carriers of prostatic calcifications, either before or after antibacterial therapy.

Chronic prostatic inflammation may be classified into three types that share similar symptoms and are distinguished on the basis of microbiological findings. In the present study, consecutive cases of chronic prostatic inflammation and infection were retrospectively reviewed in order to explore the clinical course and long-term outcomes. The cohort consisted of patients with symptoms of prostatitis who visited the Urology Clinic of the Tzaneion Hospital (Piraeus, Greece) between March 2009 and March 2019. The patients were subjected to the Meares and Stamey '4-glass' test and patients with febrile prostatitis were evaluated with a single mid-stream 'clean' urine sample culture. Bacterial identification was performed using the Vitek 2 Compact system and the sensitivity test with the disc and the Vitek 2 system. A total of 656 patients with prostatitis-like symptoms with 1,783 visits for investigation and follow-up were reviewed and patients were divided into two major groups. Group 1 consisted of 549 cases with a single set of chronic prostatitis (CP)-like symptoms assessed in up to three visits. National Institutes of Health (NIH) category II CP (NIH-II) was most frequently diagnosed in those patients (37,6%). At the follow-up, 125 patients were identified as having a type of CP different from that determined initially. Group 2 (107 cases) had recurring episodes of prostatitis-like symptoms assessed or confirmed over the course of 4-18 visits. Most patients (54.2%) were initially diagnosed with NIH-II followed by disease-free periods and recurrence/reinfection or by shifts to NHI-IIIB. In conclusion, CP remains a poorly understood n medical condition characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations and by transitions between different CP classes during its course.

Ninhydrin kondensiert beim Erhitzen mit äquimolekularen Mengen C‐alkylierter Phenole in Eisessig zu monosubstituierten Derivaten des Typs (I) bzw. (II).

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Background: Disease Management (DM) is an approach to health care that coordinates resources across the entire health care delivery system and throughout the course of a disease. Objectives:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the DM implementation in a country like Greece, with distinct geographical characteristics and non-symmetrical distribution of health care services. Methods:Recent bibliographic data about DM were gathered from electronic databases emphasizing on the Greek status and the Greek Health Care System (GHCS). Results:The present article discusses the current role, the future contribution and the expected results of DM in Greece. DM still is not well applied in Greece. This is due to the economical, geographical and organisational particularities of the country. There is a big gap between the GHCS and the requirements of the Institute Of Medicine. The percentage of Greek population receiving screening services is low. Posttreatment guidelines for patients are also limited. Numerous initiatives have taken place for the creation of national disease registries but remain incomplete. Despite the increased prevalence of some diseases, few seek health care services, which can be primarily attributed to erroneous beliefs, so the need for education and prevention programs is increasing. Conclusion:We will be able to count for a high level health care system in Greece when the philosophy of DM changes and modifi cations is applied properly, especially when patient education and behavioral commitment will evolve as the major contributors to the successful treatment.