Glacial features and deposits such as erratics, grooves, and till are abundant in northeastern Ellesmere Island. Distinctive erratics and striae indicate a general outward movement of ice from the high mountains of the island with a limited incursion of Greenland
ice onto the eastern shores. Glacio-fluvial gravel and sand is widespread, and certain enigmatic 'boulder gravel hills' may be related. Thick marine and lacustrine silt deposits form conspicuous benches and badlands. A post-glacial marine inundation of at least 250 feet is indicated by marine
shells. Some interesting permafrost and ground-ice structures and the existing glacial ice and ice shelves are described. A synthesis of the glacial retreat for the region is attempted. Most of the deposits formed during a period of rapid deglacierization and marine incursion. A relatively warm
period, the Climatic Optimum, followed in which beds bearing vegetal matter were deposited. During a succeeding, fairly recent, cold period, the glaciers advanced slightly and the ice shelves formed.
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