The problem of searching for alternative ways of power supply for the transport and technological complex of the agroindustrial complex is discussed. The ecological and economic expediency of the transfer of agricultural machinery (mainly diesel) to supply by fuel produced from biomass is substantiated. It is noted that the large-scale use of biological energy as the main motor fuel for diesel engines is hampered by a significant difference in their physicochemical properties from the properties of traditional hydrocarbon fuels. One of the alternative solutions to the problem is the use of energy biological products as an additive to the base hydrocarbon fuel. At the same time, the most acceptable physicochemical properties of a two-component fuel, meeting the requirements of efficient organization of the working process of a diesel engine are provided by appropriate choice of the value of this additive. The paper suggests a technique for optimizing the component composition of binary fuel, which provides the utmost possible improvement of the economic and environmental performance of an engine running on this fuel. A method for improving the combustion performance of biohydrocarbon fuels based on the use of chemical activation agents is methodologically substantiated. Results of experimental approbation of a set of proposed measures for improving binary fuel parameters in conditions of full-scale tests on the engine are presented. Based on the results of the conducted study, it is concluded that the proposed concept of the method aimed at improving the indicators of binary biohydrocarbon fuels can be attributed to one of the promising directions in the field of actively developing bioener-gy. The use of such fuels makes it possible to convert almost any serial engine into a competitive power plant with higher environmental and economic performance compared to engines running on traditional petroleum fuels. In its key basis, the method is aimed at an efficient and cost-effective solution of urgent problems of energy conservation and raising the level of environmental and fuel and energy security in the environment of agricultural production.
Dependence of intra-cyclic acceleration of crankshaft rotation under steady-state mode on disbalance of engine is revealed. On basis of this dependence, the method for estimation of imbalance of machine engine without disassembling is developed.
The physicochemical characteristics of petrol samples are studied. It is established that the fuel purchased at fuel stations corresponds to the standard parameters presented in the EURO standard for unleaded petrol. The presence of saturated hydrocarbons in petrol is determined using concentrated sulfuric acid, which reacts with unsaturated (alkenes, olefins) and aromatic hydrocarbons, without reacting with saturated hydrocarbons. The fractional composition of petrol samples is determined from the distillation temperatures measured by a mercury thermometer included in the automatic oil distillation apparatus ARNS-1E, acidity titration with an alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide gasoline mixtures with 80% ethanol. An acid-base phenolphthalein indicator (pH = 8.0-9.6) is used to indicate an excess of OH−. The density of the fuel samples is measured with oleometers (densimeters), octane numbers (ON) - indicator (Octanometer) OKTAN-IM. The limit of the permissible absolute error of the measurement of ON is ± 2 octane units. It is established that all petrols without exception contain saturated, unsaturated and aromatic hydrocarbons. It is shown that of the seven samples studied, two samples have some peculiarities. It is concluded that when controlling the quality of fuel, it is necessary to take into account not only the conformity of the determined value to the parameter of the norm, but also the differences in the values of the indices obtained when testing a series of fuel samples.
Cylinder piston group is the main part of friction in the engine, where usually mechanical losses appear, that is why its work and design should be considered from the point of view of tribology. The task of designing a cylinder - piston group as a friction unit is to select the basic geometric dimensions, the profile of the guide part in the longitudinal and transverse planes, the diametric gap, the coordinates of the piston pin arrangement and the center of mass. The solution of these problems is directly dependent on the possibility of studying the complex plane-parallel motion of the piston within the piston-cylinder liner clearance in the lubricant layer. At present, compound pistons are gaining traction from forced diesel engines with increased loads on the cylinder-piston group. The study of the movement of the compound pis-ton must include the solution of interrelated tasks: the investigation of the motion of the piston crown with a set of piston rings and the study of the motion of the piston skirt, taking into account the effect of the rocking motion of the connecting rod on it. The derivation of the equations of motion of all components of the piston and connecting rod is given in the article. Their combined solution and the resulting equations allow us to investigate the transverse motion of the crown of the composite piston and to evaluate the operation of the piston rings, and also taking into account the hydrodynamic lubrication of the skirt, to carry out a comprehensive study of the state of the skirt of the compound piston and, first and foremost, to investigate the influence of its basic design parameters on the conditions of the hydrodynamic grease. The developed mathematical model will allow on the basis of complex research the influence of the above parameters to develop a composite piston design that provides high technical and economic parameters of the engine.
Modification of the component composition of gasoline, associated with the use of spirits and ethers (oxygenates) in modern fuels, as well as an increased content of combustible aromatic hydrocarbons may influence the dynamic activity of the coal filter. Therefore, the absorption of gasoline vapors with activated carbon (a coal filter) has been studied. The subjects of the study were samples of gasoline RON 95, RON 98, purchased at different times at gas stations in Russia and Spain. To carry out the tests a carbon filter (activated carbon) of the adsorber of the CITROEN C4 was used. Before filling the sorbent in a dynamic tube, it was regenerated, consisted of heating the coal to temperatures of 250 ... 3000С and forcing it to shake through the container with air material. Experiments on the absorption of gasoline vapors were carried out on a plant consisting of a rotameter, a Drexler bottle, a pressure stabilizer, and a dynamic tube. It has been established that, unlike other samples, two fuel samples have certain features that manifest themselves, in particular, in the values of the boiling temperature, in the value of the octane number, in the acidity parameters and in the remainder in the flask. Activated carbon has a higher adsorption and retention capacity with respect to the components of these gasolines. It is shown that this ability is a reflection of the increased content in the fuel of organic compounds with a higher molecular mass. Such substances include aromatic hydrocarbons and series of compounds containing polar substituents, for example methyl tert-butyl ether.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.