Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам управления нефтехимическим производством в условиях индустрии 4.0. В статье проведена оценка уровня использования потенциала индустрии 4.0 в управлении нефтехимическими предприятиями: систематизированы тренды в сфере разработки и использования передовых производственных технологий в российской промышленности и нефтехимическом комплексе; проведен анализ структуры используемых передовых производственных технологий в российской промышленности и нефтехимическом комплексе по срокам и типам разработок; проведена кластеризация используемых передовых производственных технологий нефтехимической промышленности по показателям индустрии 4.0. Установлено, что более половины используемых передовых производственных технологий на нефтехимических предприятиях были приобретены у других компаний, что указывает на развитие открытых моделей сотрудничества на принципах совместной кооперации. На нефтехимических предприятиях в управлении процессом производства нефтехимической продукции доминировали технологии возраста свыше шести лет, разработанные собственными силами организаций; наряду с этим в управлении процессами в цепях распределения готовой продукции и сырьевых цепях снабжения нефтехимического производства отмечалось присутствие как новых технологий сроком как до одного года, так и свыше шести лет, приобретенных у отечественных и зарубежных предприятий-партнеров. Результаты проведенного исследования являются попыткой обобщения методических подходов к оценке особенностей управления нефтехимическим производством в индустрии 4.0 и могут быть применены как исходная статистическая и теоретико-методическая база при разработке плана мероприятий по развитию нефтехимического производства, отвечающего новым технологическим вызовам с учетом специфических особенностей технологической вооруженности нефтехимической промышленности в целом.Ключевые слова: индустрия 4.0, нефтехимическое производство, передовые производственные технологии, цифровизация, кооперация, кластеры
The article examines the possibilities of using Petri nets in the context of automated business process management of a «smart» enterprise. On the basis of the studied methodology, a system Petri net is built, adapted to «smart» production. The network architecture is clearly presented and deciphered in detail, events and transitions implemented within the framework of various functional subsystems of an industrial enterprise integrated into a single information platform are described. The proposed Petri net can help reduce the transaction and transformation costs of reengineering associated with the digital transformation of the enterprise.
The article presents a study of the specifics of «smart» production, the positive effect of which is certainly recognized by industrial enterprises. This means increasing production efficiency, ensuring the reliability, stability and safety of technological systems, and reducing the burden on the environment. In the context of the digital transformation of the industry, new opportunities are opening up to achieve this effect. In this regard, it is important to model the processes of «smart» production, the decomposition of the control system of mechanisms and tools. The purpose of the study is to build a logical and information model that reflects the specifics of managing the processes of «smart» production. The research methods used are comparative analysis (in the context of industries and territories); formalization, which clearly presents information about the management of «smart» production processes in the form of schemes and models; mathematical and statistical methods that underlie cluster analysis. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: the general scheme of «smart» production was formalized, taking into account the processes of obtaining a petrochemical product, control actions, mechanisms and necessary resources, taking into account the guidelines for sustainable development; the typology of Russian regions, depending on the level of intellectualization of production, was identified according to the signs of the activity of organizations in terms of the use of information and communication technologies for the automation of processes and design: regions with low, medium and high activity of intellectualization of production; A logical and information model of managing the processes of «smart» production is proposed, covering the stages of integration and operation of digital technologies, production assets of industrial enterprises and personnel support, which differs in the object of modeling and systematically describes the functioning of intelligent production. The practical significance of the results is due to the possibility of competent process management in the context of the implementation of digital solutions and the sustainable development of industry.
Digitalization of the petrochemical complex is focused on the use and creation of end-to-end technologies, such as distributed ledger systems, advanced manufacturing technologies, industrial Internet, Internet of Things, and big data. These technologies are now sufficiently advanced to integrate with the main production processes of petrochemical enterprises for the digital transformation of operations and the provision of "smart" supply chains, as well as the development and implementation of new business models. Smart manufacturing is a new paradigm that provides speed and flexibility through the introduction of digital innovations that create a circular economy model, facilitating the use of solutions such as digital platforms, smart devices, and artificial intelligence that contribute to resource optimization. The article deals with the issues of personnel support for petrochemical enterprises that contribute to improving production efficiency in the digital economy. Integrating human resource management into the strategic planning process allows you to create and develop the necessary skills and competencies to achieve effective results, opportunities and competitive advantages. The introduction of more efficient and faster production systems and innovative technologies allows you to reduce production processes, accelerate the entry of new products and services to the market, as well as the associated delivery times, reduce production stages and increase the ability to differentiate products.
Управление основными фондами химических предприятий -стратегически важный вопрос, определяющий темпы промышленного роста в стране. Сегодня средний возраст машин и оборудования в обрабатывающей промышленности составляет около 23 лет, что не может не сказываться на надежности производственных процессов и качестве выпускаемой продукции. Целью исследования является выявление факторов и вариантное прогнозирование эффективности использования основных средств на химических предприятиях. Методами исследования послужили графический метод, сравнительный метод, метод экономико-математического моделирования и метод прогнозирования. В результате исследования выявлены закономерности управления основными фондами химических производств; разработана регрессионная модель управления эффективностью использования основных средств в отрасли; предложено вариантное прогнозирование управления основными фондами химических производств; определены перспективные направления эффективного управления основными фондами: модернизация материально-технической базы химических производств (прежде всего машин и оборудования) и оптимизация инвестирования в основной капитал, ориентированная на рост фондоотдачи основных средств химических производств. Новизна результатов исследования состоит в выявлении новых зависимостей в подсистеме управления основными фондами химических производств, что может служить основой для внесения корректив в стратегические планы производства.
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The article provides arguments in favor of the introduction of modern information technologies in the organization of production, in particular, in labor protection and safety at work. There are many software products available to automate occupational safety and health professionals, but they either do not provide a complete interface to protect employees from accidents, or they use tracking hardware that is prohibited in the workplace. At the moment, the Russian market does not have a fully functioning system for labor protection of employees (hardware and software), which would track the coordinates of an employee, display the location of employees on the screen of an automated workplace for labor protection and notify about possible violations of the boundaries of hazardous areas.The task was set and implemented to create an application to control the movement of workers in the enterprise. The algorithm for the implementation of this function of the labor protection management system by using the method of contactless data transmission by means of radio frequency waves (RFID) is described. Automating production and accelerating its operations using RFID are more efficient and less risky in terms of large-scale technological and social consequences. Moreover, RFID tags include a wider range of information and allow to increase the speed of its processing. A popular technique, IDEF3, was used to design the application. IDEF3 diagrams give an idea of the time dependence of the ongoing process.Application development tools are presented, their capabilities are described. When creating the frontend part of the application, the following tools were used: JavaScript, TwoJS, HTML, SCSS, Parcel. To emulate the backend, a database created with Google Firebase is used. When designing an application architecture, a paradigm of 5 basic principles (SOLID), a programming methodology (TDD) and a programming paradigm, a section of discrete mathematics (FP) are used.The main graphical user interface is presented with a description of the functionality. The automated system has the following functionality - employee monitoring, employee access control, notification in case of violations. In the future, this system can be modernized, expanding the functionality, thereby increasing the efficiency of the labor protection department in production.
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