This study discusses the negative economic impact on local cities and counties and the State of Washington of a permanent closure of nuclear materials production at the Hanford Site, located in the southeastern part of the state, The loss of nuclear materials production, the largest and most important of the five Department of Energy {DOE) missions at Hanford, could occur if Hanford's N Reactor is permanently closed and not replaced. The sturly provides estimates of statewide and local losses in jobs, income, and purchases from the private sector caused by such an event; it forecasts impacts on state and local government finances; and it describes certain local community and social impacts in the Tri-Cities {Rich 1 and, Kennewick, and Pasco) and surrounding communities, ii1 • ' ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors of this report would like to thank the large number of organizations and individuals who contributed data, critical insights, time, and effort to theN Reactor study. The State of Washington provided the services of the Washington Economic Model staff in the Office of the Economic and Revenue Forecasting Council, as well as data compiled by the Departments of Revenue, Employment Security, and Social and Health Services. We would particularly like to acknowledge the time and effort of Byron Angel, Dick Ritchie, Terrie Fenton, rJob MacKey, Rod Giuntoli, Susan Kavanaugh, and Dean Schau. The local city and county governments, local school districts, public utilities, and their staffs, as well as hospital administrators, bank managers, businessmen, ani managers and officers of numerous local volunteer organizations also generously donated time and effort to our assessment of local fiscal and community impacts. Unfortunately, there are too many of these individuals to mention by name here. We thank them anonymously. We would like to thank our professional call eagues, Professor Phi 1 i p Bourque and Dr. L. Charles Mi 11 er, who contributed cri t ica 1 data and ability to the economic modeling effort. Finally, we would like to thank the outside professional peer review team, Or.
The basic purpose of this handbook is to document a set of systematic procedures for providing information that can be used in performing valueimpact assessments of Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulatory actions. The handbook describes a structured but flexible process for performing the assessment. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the value-impact assessment process. Chapter 2 describes the attributes most frequently affected by proposed NRC actions, provides guidance concerning the appropriate level of effort to be devoted to the assessment, suggests a standard format for documenting the assessment, and discusses the treatment of uncertainty. Chapter 3 contains detailed methods for evaluating each of the attributes affected by a regulatory action. The handbook has five appendixes containing background information, technical data, and example applications of the value-impact assessment procedures. This edition of the handbook focuses primarily on assessing nuclear power reactor safety issues.
SUMMARYThe development of standards governing the designed energy consumption of buildings has been sought by Congress to increase energy conservation. In determining what degree of energy conservation is desirable, efficiency and equity issues must be considered. Development of a performance standard that constrains design energy consumption to an economically efficient level requires identification of the least cost means of producing the desired building space conditioning characteristics. Accurate valuation of space conditioning inputs and outputs is also crucial to achieving economic efficiency in resource allocation.There is some evidence that market prices of fuels used for building space conditioning and lighting have been less than the actual social cost of these fuels, and therefore energy system designs have been chosen that make inefficient use of resources. The RIF x RUF multiplier concept, proposed by ASHRAE to fill the need for a factor by which to estimate the true cost of fuels, is evaluated and found lacking. Instead, estimates of social marginal cost are found to be the best means for incorporating the total cost of fuels in decisions determining design energy consumption for building space conditioning. This conclusion is supported by discussions of the historical patterns of fuel price distortion, identification of factors that influence the social costs of fuels, and estimates of the levels of social costs for conventional fuels.The social, environmental and economic effects of fuel consumption may be incorporated into building design decisions most comprehensively through the use of a life cycle cost methodology in which fuel prices are represented by estimates of marginal social cost incurred per end use Btu. It is recommended that if feasible, a marginal social cost estimate that accounts for fuel production efficiencies be used in determining minimum life cycle costs for building space conditioning. Since the expense of developing social cost estimates for nonmarket components of social cost is not justified by the findings of the review of the literature related to price distortion, the use of the marginal cost of new fuel supplies is recommended as a proxy. Whether iii market or social cost is used, the cost estimate should be derived for states or smaller regions, because of the extent of variation in fuel supply costs. iv SUMMARY FIGURES TABLES
This document provides an overview of renewable resource potential at Fort Drum, based primarily upon analysis of secondary data sources supplemented with limited on-site evaluations. This effort focuses on grid-connected generation of electricity from renewable energy sources and also on ground source heat pumps for heating and cooling buildings. The effort was funded by the U.S. Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM) as follow-on to the 2005 Department of Defense (DoD) Renewables Assessment. The site visit to Fort Drum took place on May 4 and 5, 2010.At the current time, there are several renewable technologies that show economic potential at Fort Drum. Project feasibility is based on installation-specific resource availability and energy costs and projections based on accepted life-cycle cost methods. The most promising opportunity is the continued use of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs). The conversion of the retired coal plant to a biomass energy plant shows potential, along with a large-scale wind energy project and a waste-to-energy (WTE) project, although large-scale wind is not currently supported at Fort Drum and a WTE project may have regulatory and political issues.
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