Background: In the present study a statistical model (Response Surface Methodology) was proposed for optimization of siderophore production by using Enterobacter hormaechei.Methods: The rhizospheric soil was used for isolation and isolates were screened for siderophore production by chrome-azurol S (CAS) assay. One potent isolate producing maximum siderophore was selected and characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The culture conditions were optimized for maximum siderophore production by using Central Composite Design. The response surface curves were used to predict the optimum levels of the factors affecting the yield of siderophore. Result: By using rhizospheric soil,eight isolates were obtained and one potent organism was identified as Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. oharae (Accession No. MT 775835) by BLAST. The maximum siderophore production (98%) was obtained in succinate medium and the optimum values of variables were found as pH 7, time 60 hrs, temp. 28°C and succinic acid conc. 0.40%. RSM was used to analyze the data by developing 3D surface plots and the residuals plots. ANOVA was used to determine regression coefficients.
In the present study, effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on seed germination, nutrient uptake, plant growth, root colonization and chlorophyll content of the Zea mays L. was evaluated. The soil samples collected from maize field (Morgaon, Pune, Maharashtra) were used for the isolation of AMF spores by using wet sieving and decanting method. The International Culture Collection of (Vesicular) Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (INVAM) worksheet was used for diagnosing the spores. The completely randomized design with three replicates was used for pot culture experiment. The chlorophyll (a, b and total chlorophyll) content from the leaves of the maize plant was successfully determined by Arnon method. Three AMF spores (Gigaspora sp., Acoulospora sp. and Glomus mosseae) were identified and selected for further study. The application of AMF inoculum significantly increases the overall seed germination percent in saline soil (50% and 25% in nonsterile and sterile saline soil) and root and shoot length (13.68 cm and 10.02 cm increase in nonsterile normal soil while 8.93 cm and 11cm increase in nonsterile saline soil) when compared with control. Highest increase in pigment was found in sterile soil inoculated with AMF [chlorophyll a (47.80%), b (47.76) and total chlorophyll (45.56%)]. In root colonization study, different typical AMF structures (such as vesicles, spores, intra and extra radical hyphae) inside the roots of the maize plant were evaluated by microscopic observations. Finally, the nutrient profiling of the soils from all pots showed increased N, P, K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn when compared with control.
Background: Crop yields are limited by major biotic and abiotic stresses. Various studies had been suggested that abiotic stresses like drought, flood and salinity play a major role in limiting crop yield. Heavy metal contamination is also a major problem in the agriculture sector.Methods: A pot experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of inoculating bacterial strains on the wheat plant under various stress conditions. The bacteria were isolated and screened from drought, flood and heavy metal stressed soil samples. The selected strains were identified by morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. The ability of Acinetobacter junni S1, Acinetobacter junni S2, Leclercia adecarboxylata and Klebsiella variicola to stimulate the growth of plants were determined by pot experiment using a completely randomized design. The positive effect of isolates on seed germination percent, shoot and root length of the treated wheat plant were recorded. Analysis of soil samples from pots was carried out for evaluation of the presence of macro and micronutrients. Result: The pots inoculated with selected isolates showed a significant increase in pH 7.77, EC 2.11, carbon 0.78, nitrogen 30.83 kg/ha, phosphorus 2.95 kg/ha, potassium 535.32 kg/ha, zinc 0.15 ppm, manganese 0.376 ppm, iron 0.53 ppm and copper 0.15 ppm as compared to control. The chlorophyll content estimation was carried out by using Arnon’s method. The chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was found to be 14.39, 39.74 and 38.75 respectively.
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