The influence of constituent material properties on the behavior of doubly periodic, 1-3 connectivity composite transducers is described using constrained unidimensional theory, supplemented by finite element analysis. Two functional situations are discussed, corresponding to thickness drive and quasihydrostatic operation. In each case the active ceramic and inert filler phases are varied as functions of ceramic-filler volume fraction. For the composite dimensions under consideration, there is general good agreement between the constrained theory and finite element modelling, although where this is not the case, differences are highlighted and reasons provided for their occurrence. A strong practical emphasis is placed throughout, with a view towards providing useful guidelines for the transducer design engineer. ¸
Conventional piezoelectric disc transducers suffer from some inherent disadvantages as a result of diffraction and multimode wave interaction within the radiated sound field. It is shown that significant improvements may be achieved by employing a continually varying resistive taper as a front or rear face electrode, thereby minimizing the influence of aperture diffraction, radial mode coupling, and electric field variations on the spatial response. The theoretical operation of such devices is discussed and good agreement is obtained from a selection of experimental observations on different transducer materials.
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