ABSTRACT:The long stretch of coastline on the either side of Indian peninsula is subjected to varied coastal processes and anthropogenic pressures, which makes the coast vulnerable to erosion. There is no systematic inventory of shoreline changes occurring along the entire Indian coast on 1:25, 000 scale, which is required for planning measures to be taken up for protecting the coast at national level. It is in this context that shoreline change mapping on 1:25, 000 scale for the entire Indian coast based on multidate satellite data in GIS environment has been carried out for 1989-91 and 2004-06 time frame. The paper discusses salient observations and results from the shoreline change inventory. The results show that 3829 km (45.5%) of the coast is under erosion, 3004 km (35.7%) of the coast is getting accreted, while 1581 km (18.8%) of the coast is more or less stable in nature. Highest percentage of the shoreline under erosion is in Nicobar Islands (88.7%), while percentage of accreting coastline is highest for Tamil Nadu (62.3%) and the state of Goa has highest percentage of stable shoreline (52.4%). The analysis shows that the Indian coast has lost a net area of about 73 sq km during 1989-91 and 2004-06 time frame. In Tamilnadu, a net area of about 25.45 sq km have increased due to accretion, while along Nicobar Island about 93.95 sq km is lost due to erosion. The inventory has been used to prepare "Shoreline Change Atlas of the Indian Coast", brought out as Six Volumes for the entire Indian coast.
This paper presents a remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based approach for using US EPA's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in urban environment. Cartosat-1 PAN + IRS-P6 LISS-IV merged product was used to map land cover in part of Surat city at 1:10,000 scale. Cartosat-1 stereo pair was used for deriving Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area. Geo-informatics based methods were developed for delineation of sub-catchment areas, assignment of subcatchment outlets, and estimation of characteristic width. It was observed that 59% of the developed area in the study region was directly or indirectly connected to the storm water drainage network. Furthermore, dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation on 3 day rainfall indicated that the average runoff coefficient on the urbanised sub-catchment areas which were directly connected to the drainage network was 0.92 as against 0.88 on those urbanised sub-catchments without having direct access to storm water drainage.
An evaluation of C-(developed at SAC) and X-band (data of opportunity) Airborne SAR (ASAR) data was done for flood signatures. The data was collected over parts of a perennially flood affected area of Darbhanga district located in the Bihar State. This activity is carried out as an R&D effort under the Disaster Management Support Programme (DMSP) at SAC. The ASAR data was critically analyzed for identifying flood features and with an aim to develop it finally as a system dedicated for DMS. The need for such a system is important as many a times there are gaps in satellite coverage over tropical regions for flood damage assessment besides it was observed that the varying flight directions provided additional information as regards the flood signatures. Both the airborne data were available in near synchronous time frame and with VV polarization. A comparison of C-and X-band ASAR showed that the inundated area was estimated better in X-band (62.8 %) as compared to C-(50.2 %) and that the combined data set gave further improvement (71.0 %).
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