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This paper presents a remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based approach for using US EPA's Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in urban environment. Cartosat-1 PAN + IRS-P6 LISS-IV merged product was used to map land cover in part of Surat city at 1:10,000 scale. Cartosat-1 stereo pair was used for deriving Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the study area. Geo-informatics based methods were developed for delineation of sub-catchment areas, assignment of subcatchment outlets, and estimation of characteristic width. It was observed that 59% of the developed area in the study region was directly or indirectly connected to the storm water drainage network. Furthermore, dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation on 3 day rainfall indicated that the average runoff coefficient on the urbanised sub-catchment areas which were directly connected to the drainage network was 0.92 as against 0.88 on those urbanised sub-catchments without having direct access to storm water drainage.

Navigation assistance systems (NASs) aim to help visually impaired people (VIPs) navigate unfamiliar environments. Most of today's NASs support VIPs via turn-by-turn navigation, but a growing body of work highlights the importance of exploration as well. It is unclear, however, how NASs should be designed to help VIPs explore unfamiliar environments. In this paper, we perform a qualitative study to understand VIPs' information needs and challenges with respect to exploring unfamiliar environments to inform the design of NASs that support exploration. Our findings reveal the types of spatial information that VIPs need as well as factors that affect VIPs' information preferences. We also discover specific challenges that VIPs face that future NASs can address, such as orientation and mobility education and collaborating effectively with others. We present design implications for NASs that support exploration, and we identify specific research opportunities and discuss open socio-technical challenges for making such NASs possible. We conclude by reflecting on our study procedure to inform future approaches in research on ethical considerations that may be adopted while interacting with the broader VIP community.

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