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Segments of freshly dissected rat hypothalamic tissue corresponding to the ventrolateral (VLH) and ventromedial (VMH) regions were incubated in Gey and Gey medium at 37 C under 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 30 minutes. Groups of male rats which had been fasted for 6 hours received injections (i.v.) of either VMH medium or VLH medium while a third group received control medium only. Blood samples were taken from the aorta 3 minutes post-injection and circulating levels of insulin and glucagon were determined by RIA. The medium from the incubation of the VMH tissue significantly elevated glucagon levels and significantly lowered plasma concentrations of insulin compared to the levels in animals receiving injections of control medium. The hormone levels in animals receiving an injection of medium in which VLH tissue had been incubated did not differ significantly from the controls. In another type of experiment VMH medium, but not VLH medium, was able to overcome the somatostatin-induced inhibition of glucagon release. These observations suggest that hypothalamic factors may be involved in the regulation of the endocrine pancreas.

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Three members of a family are described who have a curious facies due to a severely depressed nasal bridge, anteverted nostrils, wide-set eyes, high myopia, and short stature. The facial appearance is due to faulty development of the ethmoid bone, which also causes a short anterior cranial fossa. One member of the family was autistic and had a cleft palate. These cases closely resemble, but are thought to be distinct from, a family described by Marshall (1958) whose members had a similar facies which appeared to be due to a defective maxilla, deafness, myopia, and cataracts which were subject to many complications. One further case is described resembling Marshall's cases even more closely; she is deaf but does not have cataracts.

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