The plasma physics of thermionic converters is discussed in an attempt to develop a coherent physical picture of this aspect of the converter in all regions of operation. Emphasis is placed on the presentation of simple physical models consistent with experimental data: The usefulness of certain characteristic features of the I–V curve, in determining the physical processes governing converter operation, is pointed out. Nine regions of converter operation are identified by these features of the I–V curve and are discussed. The importance of two parameters of converter operation, the pressure—spacing product pd, and the relative amount of emitter-surface ion generation β, in controlling converter behavior is emphasized. The particular values of pd and β control which of the nine regions of converter operation appear on a particular I–V curve.
A cesium-diode thermionic converter suitable for laboratory instruction is described. The construction of this converter employs only simple glass-blowing techniques so that it can be easily fabricated in a moderately, well-equipped physics laboratory. The use of kovar-to-glass seals and lead-glass sections has been completely eliminated, and the use of oxide glass-to-metal seals has been minimized in the construction of the converter, thereby significantly reducing the probability of cesium attack in seal areas which would seriously limit the useful lifetime of the device. Many interesting and instructive experiments involving thermionic power generation, arc-mode or ignited operation, spectroscopic studies, ion production on high work function surfaces, and the determination of converter current-voltage characteristics can be conducted with this device.
In this mocromachined three-plate capacitative accelerometer, the middle plate, which constitutes the proof mass, is supported around its periphery by a series of flexures. These flexures are arranged symmetrically around the proof mass and connect to it near its midplane, resulting in reduced cross-axis sensitivity.mEEU 5,009,106
43.40.Yq ACCELEROMETER WITH IMPROVED
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