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Highcurrent ion implanter using a microwave ion source Rev. Sci. Instrum. 54, 681 (1983); 10.1063/1.1137453 Microwave ion source for highcurrent implanter Rev. Sci. Instrum. 49, 940 (1978);

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A study of the trajectories of charged particles as they pass through a cusped magnetic field shows that a significant fraction of their original axial kinetic energy is transformed into kinetic energy of rotation around the guiding centers of the particles. The energy-exchange mechanism predicted by an idealized model agrees exactly with the analog computer solution of the equations of motion of a particle and agrees generally with the results of an experiment in which a plasma beam was transmitted through a cusped magnetic field.