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Neutron-diffraction spectra have been recorded at 80°K for polycrystalline D2O cubic ice (Ic) obtained by the transformation of the high-pressure ices II, V, and IX. Spectral differences were found among these ice Ic preparations, principally in the degree of asymmetry of the (111) cubic reflection and in the extent of line broadening. The cubic (111) peak of greatest symmetry was obtained by the transformation of ice II. The line broadening appears to be associated with the small particle sizes of the ice Ic produced by the transformation of the high-pressure ices under controlled-temperature conditions. Peak centroids for scattering angles between 15° and 62° give a weighted cubic lattice parameter, a0 = 6.353 ± 0.001 Å. As revealed by an analysis of neutron-diffraction line intensities, attempts to induce the formation of ice Ic by the quenching of aqueous ferrous chloride or potassium chloride solutions in liquid nitrogen were unsuccessful.

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Dispersion curves for phonons propagating in the trigonal direction in bismuth at room temperature and at 7S oK have been obtained in a neutron inelastic scattering experiment. Observed frequencies (units 10 1S rod/sec> at 7S oK are as follows: at the zone center, WTO 1,40 ± 0.02, (tJLO = 1.89 ± 0.02; at the zone boundary in the trigonal direction, WTA 0.73 0.01, Wr,A = 1.12 ± 0.02, WTO = 1.91 ± 0.02, UiLo = 2.03 ± 0.02. At room temperature, the observed frequencies were about 1.5 percent lower. Data were also obtained for longitudinal phonons propagating in the binary direction at 7S oK. It is interesting to note that the splitting between the zone boundary frequencies for the optical and acoustic branches for each polarization is quite large. This splitting is difficult to understand if bismuth is thought of as a slightly distorted simple cubic laltice. The experimental results may be qualitatively understood if bismuth is considered to be made up of a series of double layers normal to the trigonal axis. The atoms in each double layer form a crinkled hexagonal net with strong, probably covalent, bonds between atoms. The forces between atoms on adjacent double layers are relatively weak. This model is consistent with the easy cleavage of bismuth normal to the trigonal axis. Analysis of the trigonal dispersion curves in terms of a linear chain model indicates that there are significant forces connecting a given atom with atoms situated on the four planes on either side of it. 234 ffiM JOURNAL • JULY 1964 235 " -,