We explain the basic physics behind oscillatory effects in superconductor/metallic ferromagnet (S/F) sandwiches, and describe the important effects of the spin orbit scattering in these systems. We find that spin-orbit scattering plays a major role in the physics of the superconducting proximity effect with a conducting ferromagnet. As examples, we present calculations of the T c of an S/F bilayer and the Josephson current ͑near T c ͒ of an S/F/S trilayer. ͓S0163-1829͑97͒06521-1͔

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Neutron-diffraction spectra have been recorded at 80°K for polycrystalline D2O cubic ice (Ic) obtained by the transformation of the high-pressure ices II, V, and IX. Spectral differences were found among these ice Ic preparations, principally in the degree of asymmetry of the (111) cubic reflection and in the extent of line broadening. The cubic (111) peak of greatest symmetry was obtained by the transformation of ice II. The line broadening appears to be associated with the small particle sizes of the ice Ic produced by the transformation of the high-pressure ices under controlled-temperature conditions. Peak centroids for scattering angles between 15° and 62° give a weighted cubic lattice parameter, a0 = 6.353 ± 0.001 Å. As revealed by an analysis of neutron-diffraction line intensities, attempts to induce the formation of ice Ic by the quenching of aqueous ferrous chloride or potassium chloride solutions in liquid nitrogen were unsuccessful.

We consider proximity effect coupling in Superconducting/Antiferromagnetic/Superconducting (S-A-S) sandwiches using the recently developed SO(5) effective theory of high temperature superconductivity. We find that, for narrow junctions, the A region acts like a strong superconductor, and that there is a critical junction thickness which depends on the effective SO(5) coupling constants and on the phase difference across the junction, at which the A region undergoes a Freedericksz-like transition to a state which is intermediate between superconductor and antiferromagnet. For thick junctions, the current-phase relation is sinusoidal, as in standard S-N-S and S-I-S junctions, but for thin junctions it shows a sharp break in slope at the Freedericksz point.

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