Twenty-four male subjects aged 17–33 were given three direct tests of maximal oxygen uptake and one indirect test. The direct tests were those of Mitchell, Sproule, and Chapman (treadmill); Taylor, Buskirk, and Henschel (treadmill); and Åstrand (bicycle ergometer). The indirect test was the Åstrand-Ryhming nomogram (bicycle ergometer) employing heart rate response to submaximal work. In addition, the Johnson, Brouha, and Darling physical fitness test was administered. The two treadmill tests and the indirect test yielded significantly higher mean values than did the direct bicycle test. However no other significant differences in mean values occurred. Correlation coefficients between the various oxygen uptake tests as well as the fitness test were all found to be significant (.62–.83), i.e., greater than zero. No correlation obtained proved to be significantly greater than any other. The results indicate that direct treadmill tests, employing greater muscle mass, yield higher maximal oxygen uptake values (8%) than does the direct bicycle ergometer test. The Åstrand-Ryhming nomogram appears to produce a good estimation of maximal oxygen uptake, in a population unaccustomed to cycling. erobic capacity; exercise; heart rate Submitted on September 17, 1964
Health promotion practice, research and policy:Building capacity through the development of an interdisciplinary study centre and graduate programme in Alberta, Canada eform of the health care system (&dquo;health reform&dquo;) became a prominent issue in the Province of Alberta and elsewhere in Canada, in the early 1990's. Health reform includes, as a key element, the need to increase the orientation of the health system to &dquo;wellness&dquo; in addition to the focus on &dquo;sickness&dquo;. The most striking feature of health reform in Alberta, however, was the reduction in public spending on health care services and education, in order to eliminate budget deficits and bring government expenditures into balance with revenues. Health reform was accompanied by major re-organisation of the health services delivery system (&dquo;re-structuring&dquo;), with the abolition of hospital boards and (public) health units and the creation of seventeen regional health authorities which were given responsibility for all health services in their geographic areas of Alberta. In the changing health system, the need to build capacity for health promotion practice, research and policy, became a high priority for the Province.The higher education system was also changing rapidly in the 1990's. University budget reductions were relatively sudden and severe, resulting in the University of Alberta re-structuring faculties and departments. The six health science faculties sought opportunities for collaboration in research and education and they identified health promotion research and graduate education as their primary focus. Within this environment of health system and education reform, the Centre for Health Promotion Studies (CHPS) was established.
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