OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a associação entre concentrações séricas de ferro, zinco e cobre, perfil nutricional e ocorrência de diarréia entre crianças residentes em uma comunidade de baixa renda no município de Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, que avaliou 104 crianças, na faixa etária de 1 a 5 anos, selecionadas entre os meses de abril a dezembro de 2004, pelo projeto Vila Rosário. Avaliou-se o perfil socioeconômico das famílias e de saúde das crianças, incluindo a ocorrência de diarréia. A avaliação nutricional incluiu peso, estatura/comprimento, índices peso-para-idade e estatura-para-idade, expressos em escores-Z e classificação do estado nutricional segundo estes índices. As concentrações séricas de zinco, ferro e cobre foram determinados em uma sub-amostra (n=59) a partir da técnica de florescência de raios x por reflexão total com radiação síncroton. RESULTADOS: As crianças residiam em domicílios caracterizados por condições sanitárias insatisfatórias, com famílias numerosas e com baixo poder aquisitivo. A prevalência de diarréia no último mês foi de 55,7%. Cerca de 28,4% das crianças apresentaram déficit ponderal e 4,9% delas déficit estatural. A deficiência de ferro, zinco e cobre encontrada na amostra foi de, respectivamente, 13%, 7,5% e 8,9%. Não foi observada associação significante entre os indicadores do perfil nutricional e os valores séricos dos minerais. As crianças com relato de diarréia apresentaram valores séricos médios de minerais inferiores aos daquelas sem relato, sendo significante para os valores de zinco. CONCLUSÃO: As crianças com episódios de diarréia podem apresentar comprometimento das concentrações séricas de zinco.
Knowledge about the spatial distribution and the local concentration of trace elements in tissues is of great importance, since trace elements are involved in many biological functions of living organisms. However, there are few methods available to measure the spatial (two (three)-dimensional) elemental distribution in animal brain. X-ray microfluorescence with synchrotron radiation is a multielemental mapping technique, which was used in this work to determine the topographic of iron, zinc and copper in coronal sections of female Wistar rats of different ages. Young (14 days old) and middle-aged (20 months old) rats (n = 8) were analyzed. The measurements were carried out at the XRF beam line at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil). Two-dimensional scanning was performed in order to study the tendency of elemental concentration variation. The acquisition time for each pixel was 10 s/step and the step size was 300 mm/step in both directions. It was observed that the iron distribution was more conspicuous in the cortical area, thalamus and bellow the thalamus. On the other hand, the zinc distribution was more pronounced in the hippocampus. The iron, copper and zinc levels increased with advancing age. Therefore, this study reinforces the idea that these elements are involved in the chemical mechanisms of the brain that induce some neurological diseases, since they are also present in high levels in specific areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus and the substantia nigra of patients with these disorders.
Lactating Wistar rats were fed a liquid diet containing either ethanol [ethanol-fed group (EFG)] or an isocaloric amount of carbohydrate [pair-fed group (PFG)] from day 1 postpartum up to day 14 of lactation, to investigate micro/macronutrient milk composition and the mineral status of pups. EFG presented a reduction of daily milk production and milk composition was significantly higher in protein and lower in carbohydrate, while the lipid content was similar to that of PFG. When compared to PFG, the milk of EFG had a decreased proportion of C22:6 n-3 fatty acid and an increase in medium-chain fatty acids and of several minerals. Pups of EFG showed reduced growth and a lower concentration of Cu and Sr in plasma and lower concentrations of Ca, P and Cl, and higher concentrations of Cd in the brain. We conclude that maternal EtOH intake greatly impairs lactational performance and modifies the mineral status of pups.
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