No abstract

No abstract

Phosphate clearances in man have received comparatively little attention but the rate of excretion of P has been studied from time to time. Kleitman (1925) found that the excretion of P rose during sleep and was at its lowest during the forenoon. This was a confirmation of many previous observations (Fiske, 1921). Ollayos & Winkler (1943) investigated the excretion of P in relation to its serum level. Subjects were examined when they were asleep, at rest, fasting and after a meal. The authors found that the rate of excretion of P did not depend upon the level of P in the serum unless the latter had been raised by phosphate infusions. From their paper it appears that when the serum contained 34 mg. of inorganic P/100 c.c. the excretion rate varied widely and for unknown reasons from 0.1 to about 10 mg./min. This range would have given clearances for normal people of the order of 15 c.c./min. The data given by Blatherwick, Bell & Hill (1924) make it possible to calculate the phosphate clearances of their normal subjects, and they seem to have ranged from 5-8 to 13-3 c.c./min. and to have averaged about 8 c.c./min. This seems a low figure but the experiments were made on fasting subjects and probably during the forenoon when the phosphate clearances were likely to have been lower than at other times of the day or night (Fiske, 1921; Kleitman, 1925, and see below). According to Pitts & Alexander (1944) there is a sharp limit to the rate at which the tubules can reabsorb phosphates. This Tm for phosphates can be depressed by raising the plasma glucose but it is not affected by phloridzin. No work appears to have been done on babies. METHODSUrines were obtained from healthy British and German men and women. The times over which urine had been allowed to collect in the bladder were carefully noted. Specimens were obtained at any convenient time; some were passed on rising and others during the forenoon, afternoon or evening. Several specimens were obtained from most of the subjects, rarely only a single one. Blood was withdrawn from an anticubital vein and centrifuged quickly without the addition of any anticoagulant. So far as possible the blood was taken in the middle of the time over which urine was being collected, and in a few instances a second sample of blood was withdrawn.

Summary The term malnutrition, as it is used in English, is not sufficiently specific, in our opinion, to be used for the disease we prefer to call “kwashiorkor”. Kwashiorkor et « malnutrition ». Il semble aux auteurs que le terme de « malnutrition », utilisé dans la langue anglaise, ne soit pas suffisamment spécifique de la maladie, et ils préfèrent utiliser celui de Kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor und Fehlernährung. Der Ausdruck Fehlernährung, wie er im englischen Sprachbereich gebraucht wird, ist nicht hinreichend spezifisch, um — nach der Meinung des Autors — für die besser «Kwashiorkor» zu nennende Krankheit gebraucht zu werden. Kwashiorkor y malnutritión. El término “malnutrition” tal cual se usa en inglés, no es suficientemente específico, en la opinión de los autores, para aplicarlo a la enfermedad que ellos prefieren llamar Kwashiorkor.