Yorkshire pigs occupy one of the first places in livestock farms in different parts of the world. This is due to the fact that breeding boars of this breed are widely used by farmers and owners not only of large livestock complexes, but also by private farms for crossing with other breeds of adapted pigs to increase the meat indicators of offspring. Pigs of this breed are very sensitive to sudden changes in ambient temperature, often suffer from overheating or hypothermia, which can affect the health of internal organs and body systems and can lead to diseases of the urinary system in general and in particular the bladder. The purpose of our study is to study the features of the histological structure of the bladder wall in Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect. Cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted in three age groups, according to the periodization of pig life: the first stage of development – newborn piglets (1-4 days of the postnatal period); the second stage of development – the first dairy (5-21 days of the postnatal period); the third stage of development – the second dairy (22-45 days of the postnatal period). From the first stage of development, newborn one-day-old piglets were used; from the second stage – animals 10-14 days; from the third – piglets 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The average body weight of piglets of group 1 is 550 g.; Group 2 is 1800 g.; Group 3 is 3000 g. In total, five piglets were inherited in each age group. The age was determined by the bonus cards and from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm. To achieve this task, a set of traditional morphological research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, histological, photographing and morphometry. Histological examination revealed that in Yorkshire piglets, the bladder wall has a typical histological structure and consists of mucous, muscular, and serous membranes. Morphometric indicators of histological structures of the bladder wall were determined and it was concluded that these values of thickness and diameter in males slightly exceed those in females.
Questions related to the peculiarities of the structure of the kidneys in productive animals are currently relevant, and affect such an apparatus as urination. The study of the structure of the organs of urination, in particular, the kidneys, their anatomy and histology in animals in species, breed and age aspects, expand the field of knowledge of veterinary specialists. This knowledge allows you to select an individual approach to a specific animal in the treatment of kidney pathology, thanks to the study of embryogenesis and the peculiarities of the development of this organ in neonatal animals. The aim of the study was to study the features of the histological structure of the kidneys in newborn one–day-old Yorkshire piglets, as well as to establish morphometric parameters of histostructures of this organ. Cadaveric material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the SPbGUVM from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad region. The objects for this study were newborn one-day Yorkshire piglets in the number of five males and females. The age was determined by the bonus cards and from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm.To achieve this task, a complex of traditional anatomical research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, histological, photographing and morphometry. Histological examination revealed that in Yorkshire piglets, the kidney on the incision has a cortical and cerebral substance, which is a densely intertwined compound consisting of epithelial tubules and tubules, between which renal corpuscles and blood vessels of various types are visualized. According to the results of the histological study, morphometric data for each anatomical structure in female and male piglets of this group are presented.
The Yorkshire pig breed was bred in the 19th century by the English farmer Joseph Tooley and presented at the agricultural exhibition in Windose in 1851. Pig breeders immediately appreciated this breed on merit for its calm disposition and unpretentious lifestyle, feeding and maintenance. Farmer Joseph Tuley decided to assign the name of the breed immediately, and in particular to link it with his county - Yorkshire. The Yorkshire pig was the result of crossing representatives of the white Leicester and Chinese and English long-eared. Farmer Joseph Tuley decided to breed a new bacon breed, which became the goal of his life and brought him fame and an impressive income. Yorkshire piglets were brought to Russia only in the post-war years and immediately became quite popular. Currently, this breed of pig ranks fourth in the world in terms of prevalence and popularity. There are about 1.5 million individuals of this breed of pigs in the Russian Federation. Currently, diseases of pigs associated with the urinary tract are very widespread. The causes of this pathology can be infectious microorganisms, injuries of various etiologies, metabolic disorders and vascular apparatus of the organs of the urinary system. This can lead to the occurrence of diseases such as nephritis, nephrosis, pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis. Without knowledge of anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the organs of the urinary system, it is problematic to diagnose diseases and pathologies, as well as to carry out timely treatment. The purpose of our study was to study the anatomical patterns of kidney structure in Yorkshire pigs in the age aspect. The material for the study was three age groups of pigs - newborns 1-7 days (early neonatal period); piglets 10-14 days (neonatal period); piglets 20-28 days (late neonatal period) weighing from 2000 to 3500 g. To achieve this task, a complex of traditional anatomical research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, photographing and morphometry. During the study, it was found that the kidneys of Yorkshire pigs are located in the retroperitoneal space. Topographically, the right and left kidneys are located at the same level under 1-4 lumbar vertebrae. The kidneys of male Yorkshire piglets are much larger and larger in absolute and relative terms than those of females. The study also found that the maximum kidney growth in Yorkshire pigs in the observed period ranged from 10-14 to 20-28 days of age.
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