The bactericidal activity of the fluméquine, a synthetic derivative of the « quinolones » family, has been recently recognized and has resulted in its common use in human and veterinary medicine. The availability of an artificial model of trout furunculosis allowed to test its curative properties in Aeromonas saimonicida infection. For this purpose, we have used 2 species of trout (Salmo gairdneri and S. trutta), and 2 pathogenic strains of which LD 50 ranged initially from 400 to 800 bacteria/fish, intramuscularly (IM). Fish, divided in 3 groups, received respectively 20 g, 40 g an 80 g of Flumix (fluméquine powder with 3 % of active component) per 100 kg of b.w./day during 6 days, representing 1, 2 and 4 times the mammalian dose. The drug was stuck on dry pellets supplied twice a day as 1 % of b.w. Fingerlings were arranged in 30 subjects groups maintained in 15°C flow-through tanks, and experimentally infected by IM injection of about 1 or 10 LD 50. A preliminary administration of 200g/100kg of fish of Flumix was done on a sample during a fortnight and did not result in any observation of acute toxicity. A conspicuous protective effect of the drug was noticed in all cases the treatment was carried on at the same day as the infection. Differences between mortality percentages in controls and treated fish were about 60 p. 100, whatever the trout species ant the bacterial strain. Variations were of trifling importance according to the therapeutic doses, and when testing fish with high doses of pathogen ([MATH] 10 LD 50) the effect seemed better, resulting of the higher mortality of controls. In some cases, the treatment was started 20 hours after inoculation of Aeromonas. Except in one case, the protection was then very lowered, and this has been ascribed to the loss of appetite of diseased subjects In conclusion, the efficacy of fluméquine treatments in control of furunculosis is stated and some practical indications are given. The dose of 40g/100 kg of fish of fluméquine powder (40 g/kg of food when feeding at 1 %) is recommended for fish, diet being distributed in 2 meals, and the rules of every other antimicrobial treatments being respected
This phase is obtained during cooling after fusion. Space group R3c, with a~--5.16 (2), cn--16.58 (2) A, Z= 6. The morphology described by Groth [Elemente der Physikalischen und Chemischen Kristallographie (1921), p. 222. Munich: Oldenbourg] for the fl phase of AgNOs is interpreted from the arrangement of the Ag-NO3-Ag-chains in the crystal.Apr6s l'6tude de phases instables ~ temp6rature ambiante de KNO3 et de NaCIO3 (Meyer, 1972), nous avons entrepris celle de AgNO3. Nous avons obtenu la phase 6tudi6e par deux proc6d6s diff6rents:(a) Par 6vaporation d'une solution satur6e dans l'eau b. temp6rature ordinaire, dans les conditions suivantes: la solution est introduite entre deux lamelles couvreobjet de microscope. I1 apparait entre les lamelles des cristaux de la forme stable. Mais, si nous s6parons les lamelles sit6t qu'apparaissent les cristaux, b. partir de la solution se forment alors des cristaux morphologiquement diff6rents, coexistant avec ceux d6j~t pr6sents. Ces nouveaux cristaux sont instables et se transforment dans la phase stable, soit par simple contact, ou mSme sans cause apparente, tout en conservant leur forme ext6rieure primitive.Si les cristaux ainsi form6s croissent au-del~t de quelques microns, ils se transforment 6galement dans la phase stable. Ceux qui se maintiennent sont trop petits pour permettre l'6tude aux rayons X d'un monocristal, d'autant plus qu'ils ne peuvent 8tre manipul6s.Nous avons pens6 pr6parer un amas de cristaux, sur un support permettant ~t la fois l'obtention d'un diagramme de poudre aux rayons X et l'observation au microscope optique. Le support utilis6 est une lamelle de verre amincie par attaque h l'acide fluorhydrique b. 0,03 mm. Pour augmenter le nombre de cristaux sur la surface d'impact du faisceau de rayons X, un cristal ainsi form6 sur une lamelle a 6t6 recouvert d'une goutte de solution satur6e. I1 sert de germe et fait cristalliser la goutte de liquide en de nombreux cristaux instables.Des diagrammes de poudre ont 6t6 ainsi r6alis6s. Ils nous ont permis de d6terminer la position des raies, mais non d'exploiter leur intensit6, vu leur mauvaise qualit6. Nous avons v6rifi6 que les raies de ce diagramme correspondent aux taches de diffraction obtenues l'aide d'un monocristal pr6par6 par la deuxi6me m6thode d6crite ci-dessous.(b) Un monocristal a 6t6 obtenu par cristallisation rapide d'une goutte de AgNOa fondu, b. l'aide d'une platine chauffante de microscope. La lamelle de verre porte 6chantillon, plac6e sur la platine, est port6e b. une tempdrature ldg6rement sup6rieure b. la temp6rature de fusion (T• =280°C). On y place quelques cristaux qui fondent, formant des gouttelettes liquides, qui, par refroidissement, cristallisent presque imm6diatement, apr6s arrSt du chauffage. Ce mode op6ratoire 6vite la d6composition de AgNO3 fondu et permet de conserver cette phase/t temp6rature ordinaire.Cette forme est diff6rente de la phase normale dite II, et de la phase haute temp6rature dite I. Elle pourrait (Xre celle signal6e par Mazi6res & Van't Hoff(1963) mise en 6viden...
Diets different in 13C concentration were fed to cattle during carbon balance measurements. Metabolizable carbon reflects differences in dietary carbon, but blood plasma and carbon dioxide deviate from intake. Carbon from corn silage in the diet contributes proportionally more to CO2 than non-corn ingredients in the diet. Key words: Carbon 13, carbon balance, metabolism, cattle
Following the symposium held in June 1984 at Port Cros, the methods of underwater observation of fish communities and populations are critically reviewed. Particular emphasis is laid upon the possible causes of bias, and the ways of circumventing them. Given some necessary precautions and adequate training, and within definite limits, underwater observations and counts can produce highly reliable results, not obtainable by «blind» techniques. Some examples are given, based upon the personal experiences of the participants, both in the Mediterranean and the Indo-Pacific.
Natural isotopic labelling of animal metabolic processes presents great advantages over the use of artificially enriched compounds. These advantages include the use of natural diets, low cost and easiness of handling, sampling and disposal. Changes in the 13C/12C ratio of expired CO2 after ingestion of a test meal containing a variable proportion of C3 and/or C4 plant-derived products permits measurements of the immediate oxidation of dietary carbohydrates. A breathing device for collection of expired CO2 and purification techniques are described. The breath-sampling device is composed of a polypropylene enclosure and a rubber bag. The rubber bag is blown up by the animal and a sample of the expired gas is transferred to a sampling glass holder in which a vacuum had been previously achieved. Sample purification of expired CO2 is done by differential freezing. Key words: Breath device, carbon 13, calf
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