IntroductionAttenuated viruses with tumor specificity have attracted considerable interest as novel anticancer agents, and clinical testing of several such agents is under way. 1 Tumor selectivity of these viruses has been attributed to various intracellular restrictions to their life cycles that are strongly inhibitory to virus propagation in nontransformed cells but that are overridden by cellular factors present in neoplastic cells. [2][3][4][5][6] Measles is an acute viral disease caused by a negative-strand RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which remains responsible for approximately 1 million deaths each year. 7 In the early stages of measles virus (MV) infection, the lymphoid organs and tissues are predominant sites for viral replication, leading to the formation of giant reticuloendothelial (Warthin-Finkeldey) cells in the tissues. 7 Measles is prevented by the use of a live attenuated virus vaccine now routinely administered during childhood. The Edmonston-B vaccine strain of measles virus (MV-Edm) was attenuated by serial tissue culture passage of a clinical isolate. 7 Despite its profound attenuation as a human pathogen, MV-Edm replicates more efficiently than nonattenuated measles virus in many primate cell lines, inducing cell cell fusion and the formation of characteristic multinucleated syncytia. 8 Here, we compared the ability of MV-Edm to replicate in neoplastic myeloma cells and normal cells, and we investigated its potential as an antitumor agent in human myeloma xenografts in vivo. We report that the virus replicated selectively in a panel of 6 myeloma cell lines and in CD138-sorted myeloma cells from 6 patients and that it caused potent cytopathic effects. When administered intratumorally or intravenously into mice bearing established myeloma xenografts, MV-Edm caused growth inhibition or total regression of 2 different myeloma xenograft models. Materials and methods Cell cultureThe multiple myeloma ARH-77 cell line (ATCC CRL-1621) was obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). The rest of the multiple myeloma cell lines were kind gifts of Dr John Lust (RPMI 8226), Dr Diane Jelinek (KAS-6/1), and Dr Rafael Fonseca (KMS-11, MM1, JJN-3) from the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN). All the human myeloma cell lines were maintained in RPMI-1640 (Gibco BRL, Rockville, MD) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) except for KAS-6/1, which was grown in media supplemented with 1 ng/mL interleukin (IL)-6 (Sigma, St Louis, MO). Bone marrow aspirates were obtained after institutional review board approval and informed patient consent. Bone marrow samples were drawn into a tube containing heparin and centrifuged on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient (Amersham Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) to enrich for mononuclear cells. Mononuclear cells were then incubated with MACS CD138 microbeads (Miltenyi Biotech, Auburn, CA) for 15 minutes in a 8°C water bath. CD138 ϩ primary myeloma cells were then isolated, washed, and maintained in 10% FBS-RPMI supplemented with 1 ng/mL IL-6. Peripheral blood lym...
The effects of commercial glyphosate herbicide formulation on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme and oxidative stress were studied in Cyprinus carpio exposed for 96 h to 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L and then allowed to equal recovery period in water without herbicide. The activity of AChE was inhibited in the brain and in the muscle after exposure. However, after recovery period brain and muscle AChE activity increased. Brain thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) were measured as an indicator of oxidative stress. Increased TBARS levels were observed with all concentrations tested of the glyphosate formulation, and remained increased after the recovery period. The results recorded clearly indicate lipid peroxidation and anti-AChE action induced by Roundup(®) exposure.
Canova is a homeopathic complex medicine, used as an immune modulator. We studied its effects in normal and sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Three control groups were also evaluated. The mice were examined at daily intervals and the tumours observed histologically. Peripheral blood was analysed by flow cytometry. A delay in the development, and a reduction in size of the tumours, and increased infiltration by lymphoid cells, granulation tissue, and fibrosis surrounding the tumour were observed with active treatment compared to control. All animals from the treated group survived, 30% of control groups died. In 30% of treated animals, a total regression of the tumour was confirmed using light microscopy, no regression was found in the control groups. Treatment with Canova increased total numbers of leukocytes and lymphocytes. Among lymphocytes, TCD4, increased in normal-treated group and B and NK cells in S180-treated groups. The results reflect enhanced immune response of the host after treatment with Canova.
We demonstrate for the first time the viability of a three-dimensional (3D) elemental imaging technique based on Neutron Resonance Transmission Imaging (NRTI), which is a neutron technique based on the presence of a resonance structure in the neutron-induced reaction cross sections. These resonances allow the identification of elements and isotopes within an object in a non-destructive manner. A dedicated set-up on the INES (Italian Neutron Experimental Station) beamline of the ISIS spallation neutron source was employed for the experiments. An early mediaeval disc fibula from the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest was used for our demonstration. The methodology and analysis procedures are described and the results obtained from the reconstruction of the 3D NRTI elemental image of the ancient object are compared with the results obtained from other neutron-based 3D imaging techniques
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