The relative function of the obstructed kidney (RFOK) was assessed in 43 adult patients with upper urinary tract obstruction (UUTO) using 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-ortho-iodohippurate (OIH) dynamic studies and 99mTc-DMSA dynamic and static studies. The patients were divided into five groups according to the duration and degree of obstruction. Findings were as follows: a) in patients with the first occurrence of acute severe obstruction (group 1), the relative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly less than the relative effective renal plasma flow (ERPF); b) in patients with chronic severe obstruction and long term uroinfection, the relative ERPF decreased significantly compared with the relative GFR; c) the RFOK calculated from the DMSA dynamic study was the same as both the relative GFR or ERPF in any group; d) the RFOK calculated from the DMSA static study seemed to parallel the relative ERPF more closely than the relative GFR, but in group one it was significantly higher than any of three other estimates. It is concluded that 99mTc-DTPA is the radiopharmaceutical of choice in obstructive uronephropathy, but when interpreting the RFOK, the time course and severity of obstruction, the presence or absence of uroinfection should also be considered.
SUMMARYSera of 1000 persons in Voyvodina were tested with radioimmunoassay for antibodies against hepatitis A virus (HAV).The morbidity and age incidence of positive findings have been analysed and compared with relevant findings in other countries. Below the age of 19 years the morbidity rates are higher (0.138 to 0 595 per mill) and the prevalences of seropositives are lower (17.1-64-0%) than the respective frequencies above that age (0.011 to 0-052 per mill and 85-7-98-7 % respectively). Below the first year of life seropositivity is more frequent than in 1-to 14-year old children. After the first year until the age of 30-39 years the frequency of seropositives increases with increasing age up to a maximum of about 90 %.
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The sensitivity of methods for the detection of HBsAg and its anti-HBs was compared in serial 1200 sera samples from 30 patients with VHB-HBsAg-positive. HBsAg was tested by gel-diffusion (GD), counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), reversed haemogglutination (rHA), redioimmunoassay (RIA), and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RIA and EIA methods are statistically significantly more sensitive compared with the other methods (P less than 0.0005). By these methods the minimal concentrations of HBsAg in sera can be proved. Although there is no statistically significant difference in the sensitivity between RIA and EIA, the latter is more sensitive if the subtype ay-HBsAg is considered (12 sera samples). In 24 patients the subtype was ay, in two ad, and in four it could not be differentiated. In 70% of patients anti-HBs was proved by RIA and in 10% by CIE, i.e., in 73% and 9% of sera samples, respectively. In 117 sera samples of these patients the sensitivity of RIA and EIA was compared for determination of anti-HBs. No statistically significant difference between the methods for determination of anti-HBs was found (50.42%: 40.17%). No immune response to HBsAg has been observed in 9 cases, but 6 of them have remained permanent carriers of this antigen.
In 38 patients with deep venous thrombosis and 52 patients with myocardial infarction who were on long term anticoagulant therapy, the estimations of β-TG have been done by radioimmunoassay using a kit developed by the Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, England. In the group of patients with deep venous thrombosis, the increased values of β-TG /values which were higher than 80 ng/ml /have been established in 47,3% of the cases and among the patients with myocardial infarction, in 73% of the cases. From the total of 56 patients with increased level of β-TG, in 50 patients the level of prothrombin activity was higher than 20%. On the other hand, in patients with normal concentration of β-TG, the level of prothrombin activity was usually lower than 20%. Our preliminary results suggest the possible use of estimation of β-TG as an important supplementary parameter for evaluation of a substantial efficasy of applied anticoagulant therapy.
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