A field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2014 and 2015 on sandy loam soil to test the bio-efficacy of pre-mix broad spectrum herbicides for weed management in wheat. Major dominant weed flora in the experimental plot were Chenopodium murale (54.1%), Chenopodium album (11.9%), Phalaris minor (10.4%) and Melilotus alba (9.6%). Application of pre-mix sulfosulfuron (75%) + metsulfuron-methyl (5%) 32 g/ha as post-emergence, clodinafop (15%) + metsulfuron-methyl (1.0%) 64 g/ha as post-emergenc (PoE), mesosulfuron (3%) + iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (0.6 %) 14.4 g/ha as PoE and hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS remained at par with each other and significantly reduced the density and biomass of both monocot as well as dicot weeds and resulted in significantly more number of effective tillers and yield of grain and straw. However, mesosulfuron (3%) + iodosulfuron-methyl sodium (0.6 %) 14.4 g/ha PoE showed phytotoxic effect on plant.
Comparative efficacy of pre-and post-emergence herbicides in greengram and their residual effect on succeeding crops was studied during Kharif season of the year 2011-2013. Inter-culturing and hand weeding carried out at 20 and 40 DAS produced the lowest weed dry weight with higher weed control efficiency. Among herbicidal treatments, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin at 500 g/ha or imazethapyr 75 g/ha followed by interculturing and hand weeding at 30 DAS proved to be efficient in reducing weed dry weight with more than 70% of weed control efficiency and recorded higher seed and haulm yield of greengram. Further, it was observed that none of the herbicides applied at tested rates had adverse effect on succeeding wheat, chickpea and mustard crops.
The addition of organic manure affects the biological, chemical and physical properties of soil that control the fate of herbicides. Three dinitroaniline herbicides were studied to asses their persistence, dissipation and residue management in sandy loam soil with and without addition of farmyard manure (FYM) under middle western Indian agro-climatic conditions. The herbicides, pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6dinitrobenzenamine], trifluralin [2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] and fluchloralin [N-(2-chloroethyl)-2,6-dinitro-N-propyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine], were applied at a rate of 0.5 and 1.0 kg ha-1 as a pre-plant incorporation in the field, cropped with Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). FYM incorporation at a rate of 10 t ha-1 decreased herbicide persistence in all the sampling intervals. Relatively lower half-lives of 44.93, 41.81; 41.23, 39.09 and 39.61, 43.00 days, each at the rate of 0.5 and 1.0 kg ha-1 , respectively for pendimethalin, trifluralin and fluchloralin were recorded with FYM incorporation. On the other hand, the half-life values in absence of FYM were higher for all three dinitroaniline herbicides used. Dissipation rate of all three dinitroanilines increased progressively with time at both application rates.
The field experiment experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station for Irrigated crops, Anand Agricultural University, Thasra, Dist.: Kheda, Gujarat to study Nutrient management through organic source in grain ameranthus (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) under middle Gujarat condition. The field trial was laid out in Random Block Design with ten treatments viz., RDF (25-12.5-0 NPK kg/ha) (T1), FYM 4.0 t/ ha (T2), Vermicompost 1.0 t /ha (T3), Castor cake 0.5 t/ha (T4), Bio NP
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