A tunnel diode oscillator is described which has been successfully used for paramagnetic susceptibility measurements at frequencies from 3 to 55 MHz, at temperatures from 1.2 to 77 K, and at magnetic fields up to 18 kG. In appropriate cases, such measurements may be used to infer magnetic specific heats and spin-lattice relaxation times.
Polycrystalline GdFeO 3 and GdCu x Fe 1−x O 3 (x=0.2, 0.3) ferrites were synthesized through solid state reaction method. The prepared ferrites were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and a detailed structural study was analyzed by employing Rietveld refinement techniques with the help of the Maud Program. Phase transitions in copper-modified GdFeO 3 , structural and micro structural changes of ferrite samples were estimated from the Rietveld analysis and the effect of Cu concentration in the crystalline phase and crystallite size were discussed in detail. Rietveld analysis revealed that octahedrally occupied Cu 2+ ions modify the cationic distribution affecting the orthorhombic structure to shift into a partially inverse spinel structure in the Cu doped GdFeO 3 ferrites. The results from Rietveld refinement were structurally illustrated using VESTA software.
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