Indonesia has the opportunity to increase the share of paper exports in the world due to the declining dominance of NORSCAN (North America and Scandinavia). The momentum is not only an opportunity for Indonesia, but also other paper exporters in Asia and Latin America. This research aims to analyze the competitiveness and determinants of Indonesia’s paper trade flow using secondary data in 2001- 2020 with 11 main export destination countries as objects using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD) and Gravity models. The RCA analysis showed Indonesia’s paper has competitiveness in 11 export destination countries with diverse growth rates. This is in line with Indonesia’s paper market position as Rising Star in 5 countries which means that Indonesian paper commodities are in a market with high demand growth and market share. Gravity model estimates show that Indonesia and importers real GDP per capita, as well as the level of competitiveness positively affects Indonesia’s paper exports, inversely, export prices and dummy Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) give negative impact. Based on these results, efforts to increase exports should be done by promoting paper to market with Rising Star and large economies such as China and USA as the priority choices.
Indonesia’s tropical peatlands are one of the world’s largest carbon sinks, and they are facing the threat of extensive degradation and conversion. The Indonesian government is committed to peat restoration. However, restoration is still a costly, top-down approach lacking community participation, and is focused on the 3R scheme (rewetting, revegetation, and revitalization). Peatland restoration businesses are part of the innovative effort to finance this endeavor. Unfortunately, there is not much information available about the pre-conditions required to create a restoration business. This study seeks to understand the enabling conditions for the development of peatland restoration, with a focus on the tamanu oil business, and to assess whether the same situation might apply in the context of the restoration of degraded peatland. PEST analysis is used to describe the macro-environmental factors of the tamanu oil business and its development opportunities in degraded peatlands. Tamanu oil-based peat ecosystem restoration businesses offer good prospects because of the growing it has grown the bioenergy and biomedical markets, and they can cover a larger area of degraded peatland landscape. For tamanu oil businesses to succeed in peat ecosystem restoration, we recommend that policy documents at various levels include tamanu as a priority commodity for peatland restoration and alternative community businesses, followed by planting programs by all stakeholders. The government and social organizations must take positions as initiators and catalysts, establish a significant number and extent of pilot tamanu plantations, and create a mutually supportive business climate between entrepreneurs and peatland managers.
Peatland plays an important role as the storage of carbon stocks both in the soil layer and biomass. The value of carbon stocks in peatlands is strongly influenced by the peatland’s quality and potential to produce carbon emissions if the natural conditions are disturbed. Revegetation can improve the quality and land cover compared to natural succession. The success of revegetation can be seen from the survival rate and growth performance of planted species. The purpose of this preliminary study was to see the survival rate and growth of four species of revegetation plants in the burnt peatland area located in Pedamaran, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatra in 2017 and 2021. This study was carried out using quantitative descriptive methods. Results show that the growth performance of four endemic revegetation species was different, reflected by the diameter of breast height (dbh), height, and survival rate. Based on data, pulai (Alstonia pneumatophore) show the best growth performance compared to tembesu (Fragraea fragrans), jelutung (Dyera polyphylla), and balangeran (Shorea balangeran). Pulai showed the highest survival rate (98.61%), with an average dbh growth of 8.31 mm and 75.60 cm in height. Furthermore, all data obtained in this study can be used as basic data for revegetation development to increase growth and survival rate, enhance carbon stocks, and other efforts in climate change mitigation and adaptation.
The Indonesian government implemented restrictions on social activities to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Limiting activities reduced transportation and industrial activities, so it was suspected that it could affect air quality in Serpong. This research aimed to analyze PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations before, during, and easing of the restrictions on COVID-19. In addition, this research also examined the correlation between pollutant concentration levels and precipitation. PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations and precipitation data were obtained from real-time and continuous measurements from January 2020 to August 2022. The analysis used was descriptive, comparison, and correlation. The comparison analysis to determine particulate concentration before activity restrictions, first Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR-1), LSSR-New normal, LSSR-Transition period, Emergency Community Activities Restriction Enforcement (Emergency CARE), and easing of COVID-19 restrictions. The analysis shows that the average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 during the measurement period were about 33 μg/m3 and 56 μg/m3, respectively. Comparative analysis indicates differences in PM2.5 concentrations between before the activity restrictions were imposed and LSSR-1, LSSR-New Normal, Emergency CARE, and the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. In addition, there was a difference in the average PM10 concentration between before activity restrictions and LSSR-New normal and emergency CARE. Correlation analysis shows a weak relationship between precipitation and PM concentrations in the representative wet and dry months.
Tropical peatland in Indonesia experiences massive degradation due to the high pressures of anthropogenic ventures that triggered the disaster, which calls for peatland restoration. This restoration requires comprehensive knowledge in designing and transforming appropriate policy and has become a challenging part of peatland restoration. This research discusses the insights from stakeholders concerning knowledge management to support the policy and strategy of Indonesia’s peatland restoration. The survey was conducted on 72 respondents. Most of the respondents (95.8%) know about the existing tropical peatland in Indonesia. Respondents also elaborated on various sources of peatland knowledge through (1) online scientific search engine; (2) discussion and interview; (3) workshop and conference; (4) observation and experience. We found that 81.9% of respondents have a basic understanding of knowledge management, and 94.4% of respondents agree on the role of social media in knowledge management. Respondents highlighted some points for building knowledge management, including sharing knowledge mechanisms, exploring local knowledge, organizing knowledge, and building an informative platform. Collaboration work is the key in the digital era for this context. Utilizing social media would be an attractive package to shape the policy and strategy in raising public awareness, building networks, and improving sharing knowledge mechanisms.
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