This paper presents the results of a study of the change in the stability of Fe2O3/NdFeO3 nanocomposites when exposed to aggressive media over a long period of time. The main purpose of these studies is to investigate the mechanisms of degradation and corrosion processes occurring in Fe2O3/NdFeO3 nanocomposites, as well as the influence of the phase composition on the properties and degradation resistance. According to the X-ray phase analysis, it was found that the variation of the initial components leads to the formation of mixed composition nanocomposites with different Fe2O3/NdFeO3 phase ratios. During corrosion tests, it was found that the dominance of the NdFeO3 phase in the composition of nanocomposites leads to a decrease in the degradation and amorphization rate of nanostructures by a factor of 1.5–2 compared to structures in which the Fe2O3 phase dominates. Such a difference in the degradation processes indicates the high stability of two-phase composites. Moreover, in the case of an aqueous medium, nanocomposites dominated by the NdFeO3 phase are practically not subjected to corrosion and deterioration of properties. The results obtained helped to determine the resistance of Fe2O3/NdFeO3 nanocomposites to degradation processes caused by exposure to aggressive media, as well as to determine the mechanisms of property changes in the process of degradation. The results of the study of the absorption capacity of Fe2O3/NdFeO3 nanocomposites in the case of the purification of aqueous media from manganese and arsenic showed that a change in the phase ratio in nanocomposites leads to an increase in the absorption efficiency of pollutants from aqueous media.
The article assesses the dynamics of desertification based on changes in the area of moving sands in the territories of the villages Issatay, Zineden, Maykomgen, Miyaly Zhaskairat over the past 17 years based on the processed data of remote sensing satellite images. It should be noted that the research area is located almost on the border of the semi-desert and desert zones, which within Kazakhstan occupy 57.7% of the territory. Ecosystems of these arid territories are very vulnerable to impacts, especially in modern conditions of climate change, reduction of water resources and active anthropogenic development. It should be noted that land degradation has a serious socio-economic impact on the standard of living and health of the population, especially on socially vulnerable sections of the rural population.
The earlier studies about the efficiency of the main tillage showed that at the overall tillage for Kochia prostrate sowing don not guarantee the uniformgermination throughout the field, both in space and in time. It is due to theunsatisfactory water-physical conditions of the subsurface soil where seeds lie. Taking it into account, a farming system is being developed. It is aimed at accumulating and preserving moisture in the soil strips (10-15 cm wide, repeatedin 45-50 cm in the virgin soil), treated with a help of the method of a surface excavation of a loose soil layer with the formation of a solid compacted bed where seeds of Kochia prostrate are placed. The research results showed a high efficiency of harvesting the upper loose soil layer in strips with a width of 10-15 cm to a depth of 5-8 cm with the creation of a highly compacted solid seed bed, without conducting basic soil cultivation. In this variant, the optimum completeness of seedlings and a rather high yield of forage by fodder mass of Kochia prostrate were obtained 3.12 g / ha on average over three years. Earlier, before the development of this research, Kochia prostrate with annual sowing provided only 2 years of full-fledged germination from five years of sowing. Then as a result of the conducted research, a number of years providing full-fledged germination has reduced to 4 years of sowing.
A system of agriculture is being developed to accumulate and preserve moisture in soil strips (5-10 cm wide, 5 cm deep, repeated every 50-55 cm in virgin soil untouched by vegetation), treated by surface raking of the loose seedbed layer to form a solid compacted bed, where an ideal condition for seed germination is created. With a favorable combination of weather and climatic conditions, this variant provides an optimal fullness of seedlings and a fairly high fruit-bearing weight of 3.9 t/ha on average for four years, including 4,8 tons in 2019. However, in extraordinary 2019-2020 crop year with extremely low precipitation (2,7 times lower than average annual norms), with the warm winter and spring (100 more than the average annual norm), incredibly intense droughts and dust storms (average of 18-19 days a month vs 4-5 mean annual norm) wind erosion dominated and dictated terms everywhere: furrows, sown with seeds of Summer Cypress were completely covered with drifts of dust with a thickness of 2-3 cm, under which the seedlings could not break through to the surface of the soil and died. In the cultivar keeping nursery, where seeds were sown directly without tillage and 15 PCs/m2 of seedlings were obtained only in the dust-inspired areas that make up one third of the area (400 m2).
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