The present study has been designed to evaluate the liver protective and in-vivo antioxidant role of Ethanolic extract (EtAS) and Ethyl acetate extract (EAAS) of roots of Argyreia speciosa, an important 'rasayana' herb in Indian System of medicine, in CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Animals were treated with EtAS and EAAS at doses of 200 mg and 400 mg / kg body weight p.o. along with CCl 4 (0.7 ml / kg in olive oil, 1:1 v/v i.p. on every alternate days) for seven days. Serum biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, ALP, cholesterol, total and direct bilirubin were determined. Antoixidant status in liver was determined by measuring the activities of Super oxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Peroxidase. Histopathological study of isolated liver specimens was also carried out to know the protection offered by the extracts. There was a significant rise in the levels of serum GOT, GPT, and ALP and other biochemical parameters, decrease in the levels of SOD, Catalase and Peroxidase after administration of CCl 4 . Suspensions of EtAS and EAAS (200 and 400 mg/ kg) successfully prevented the alterations of these effects in rats (p< 0.001). Histopathological examination demonstrated that CCl 4 treated group induces ballooning degeneration and centrilobular necrosis. Groups treated with EtAS and EAAS showed recovery on ballooning degeneration and centrlobular bridging necrosis was occasionally present. Data also showed that these extracts possessed strong antioxidant activity, and were comparable to Silymarin, a well known liver protecting herbal formulation.

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Background Endophytes are the microbes residing inside the plant tissues forming relations such as mutualistic symbiotic and trophobiotic. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug higher doses of which leads to serious liver disorders. Alcohol a psychoactive drug causes deleterious effects on the liver with high consumption. In both cases pathological conditions vary from basic intoxication to lifethreatening pathological states.nbspAim of the study An attempt was made to study the effects of fractions of endophytic fungi Nigrospora sp. CMH213 PALF-2 isolated in our previous report from leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in paracetamol and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.Materials and Methods In this study the effects of earlier isolated endophytic fungal fractions namely P2EA ethyl acetate and P2nB n butanol were studied on paracetamol and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity at doses of 50 mgkg amp 100 mgkg. Various biochemical parameters and histopathology of the livers were also studied in both models.Results In both the models the elevated biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase AST alanine aminotransferase ALT alkaline phosphatase ALP total bilirubin direct bilirubin and triglycerides TG were reversed by P2EA and P2nB 50 mgkg amp 100 mgkg as compared to induced groups plt0.001. P2EA and P2nB 50 mgkg amp 100 mgkg also restored the lipid peroxidation LPO superoxide SOD and catalase CAT levels.Conclusion P2EA and P2nB exhibited hepatoprotective activity significantly in paracetamol and ethanolinduced models from endophyte Nigrospora sp. CMH213 PALF-2 from Phyllanthus amarus...nbsp

In the present investigation, we have carried out the isolation of fungal endophytes from Centella asiatica Linn leaves followed by fermentation and extraction of fungal endophytes with non-polar solvents such as chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Preliminary phytochemical investigation of endophytic crude fractions of leaves were also determined to detect the presence of primary and secondary metabolites followed by invitro free radical scavenging activity by reducing power, DPPH and hydroxyl radical assay. The chloroform fungal endophytic fractions were subjected to column chromatography by gradient elution technique for isolation of possible secondary metabolite. Reducing power of endophytic extracts of C. asiatica Leaf (CAL-1) (50-450µg/ml) increased with increase in concentration. Reaction with DPPH radicals of CAL-1 showed good scavenging activity. The IC 50 values for Ascorbic acid, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract were found to be 30.33 µg /ml, 66.58 µg/ml, 79.33 µg /ml and 96.39 µg/ml respectively. In hydroxyl radical assay, The IC 50 values for mannitol, chloroform extract, ethyl acetate extract and n-butanol extract were found to be 121.06 µg / ml, 141.21 µg/ml, 181.80 µg/ml and 189.90 µg/ml respectively. The endophytic crude fractions of ethyl acetate exhibited potent antioxidant activity as compared to other fractions. Hence, ethyl acetate fungal endophytic fractions of Centella asiatica Linn leaves can be employed as a potential antioxidant in the prevention of oxidative stress caused by the free radicals.

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