Abstract-A multiband internal antenna is introduced. The antenna consists of a driven meander-line element and two parasitic elements. The design is particularly unique since it supports the third generation mobile phone handsets where multiband operation is greatly desired. The proposed antenna operates effectively in the AMPS 800 (824-894 MHz), GSM 900 (880-960 MHz), and GSM 1900 (1850-1990 MHz) bands within 2.5:1 (voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Detail design criteria with respect to geometrical parameter variation are given. Experimental data (VSWR and pattern) obtained from a laboratory prototype are also presented.
Novel amphiphilic fullerene [70] derivatives that are rationally designed to intercalate in lipid bilayers are reported, as well as its vesicular formulation with surprisingly high loading capacity up to 65% by weight. The amphiphilic C 70 bisadduct forms uniform and dimensionally stable liposomes with auxiliary natural phospholipids as demonstrated by buoyant density test, particle size distribution and 31 P NMR. The antioxidant property of fullerenes is retained in the bipolarly functionalized C 70 derivative, Amphiphilic Liposomal Malonylfullerene[70] (ALM) as well as in its liposomal formulations, as shown by both electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies and in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibition experiments. The liposomally formulated ALM efficiently quenched hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals. In addition, the fullerene liposome inhibited radical-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the integrity of the lipid bilayer structure. This new class of liposomally formulated, amphipathic fullerene compounds represents a novel drug delivery system for fullerenes and provides a promising pathway to treat oxidative stress-related diseases.
A substantial proportion of patients with positive screening tests for gonorrhea and chlamydial infection fail to comply with follow-up recommendations and thus are likely to remain infectious. Methods must be sought to enhance patient compliance with follow-up of test results and treatment if indicated.
suitable to describe the singular behavior of the spatial GF. In its turn in the improved version the analytical part derived in the explicit form provides with this behavior. It can be easily derived from Fig. 2 that the numerical part (dash-point line) of the improved GF gives a considerably smaller contribution in the vicinity of the origin than the analytical one. This numerical part can be calculated with guaranteed accuracy. The real part of the plotted GF is not singular at the origin and its values calculated with and without the analytical extraction coincide.
V. CONCLUSIONIn this paper, a rigorous way to extract the singularity of the spatial GFs for a sheet electric current over a dielectric coated cylinder is proposed. The spatial GFs are required to analyze cylindrical microstrip antennas. Up to now the direct rigorous numerical calculation of the spatial GFs using the IFT in practice was not possible because of the hidden singularity. The singular part of the spatial GFs is derived in an analytical form. The remaining part of the spatial GFs is calculated numerically with guaranteed accuracy. The proposed spatial GFs can be effectively used in the moment method formulation for cylindrical microstrip antennas. Thus, our approach allows extending the concept of the mixed-potential formulation, which proved its efficiency for planar structures, to cylindrical structures.
REFERENCES
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.